Pigmentation and index of roundness measurements

Pigmentation and index of roundness measurement

boldness is linked with protective shell shape in aquatic snails

Individual boldness is linked with protective shell shape in aquatic snail

Trait correlations for low and high densities.

<p>The low density including 2 snails (a), while the high density encompassing 24 snails (b). Lines designate a significant correlations between traits, and stars indicate P-values: *<0.05; **<0.01; ***<0.001.</p

Showing defensive traits at increasing snail densities (2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 snails) in treatments with no fish (open squares) and in the presence of fish (closed diamonds).

<p>The effects of shell shape in PC 1 (a) and PC 2 (b). The visualized outline shell shape is on the left side. Positive scores in PC 1 have an outline with a narrow aperture and a long apex and negative scores generates an outline with a wider body whorl and a larger shell opening, as well as a lower apex. For PC 2, a widened second whorl and a narrower aperture generate positive scores, while a narrowing of this area and a widening of the aperture generate negative scores. Size corrected shell crushing resistance (c) and the proportion of snails showing predator avoidance behaviour (d). Values are mean and SE.</p

Showing fitness related traits at increasing snail densities (2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 snails) in treatments with no fish (open squares) and in the presence of fish (closed diamonds).

<p>The dependent variables are: final size of the snails (a), averaged individual fecundity (b), time in days to first reproduction (c). Values are mean and SE.</p

Results showing treatment (control, predator), density (2, 4, 8, 16, 24 snails) and the interaction term treatment×density.

<p>Traits above the dotted line are defensive traits and traits below are more fitness related traits. Bold figures indicate significant effects.</p

Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of sickness absence 3 and 5 years following a diagnosis of stage I-IIb breast cancer.

<p>Model 1: Adjustment for sickness absence 1 year before diagnosis, education.</p><p>Model 2: Adjustment for sickness absence 1 year before diagnosis, education, tumour size, having lymph nodes, stage, and treatment.</p><p>Model 3: Adjustment for sickness absence 1 year before diagnosis, education.</p><p>Model 4: Adjustment for sickness absence 1 year before diagnosis, education, tumour size, having lymph nodes, stage, and treatment.</p

Proportion of women, with and without breast cancer, who received sickness benefit or disability pension 3 and 5 years following a diagnosis.

<p>Proportion of women, with and without breast cancer, who received sickness benefit or disability pension 3 and 5 years following a diagnosis.</p

Working life, income and marital status 3 and 5 years following a breast cancer diagnosis between 1993 and 2003 and matched women without breast cancer.

1.<p>Working or studying at least part time. Self-employed included.</p>2.<p>Includes all women with disability pension at least part-time and/or with sickness benefit.</p>3.<p>Including women who are part time registered as unemployed or more.</p>4.<p>Social welfare allowance (own) and/or housing allowance (own).</p