Geometric registration of images by similarity transformation using two reference points

A method for registering a first image to a second image using a similarity transformation. The each image includes a plurality of pixels. The first image pixels are mapped to a set of first image coordinates and the second image pixels are mapped to a set of second image coordinates. The first image coordinates of two reference points in the first image are determined. The second image coordinates of these reference points in the second image are determined. A Cartesian translation of the set of second image coordinates is performed such that the second image coordinates of the first reference point match its first image coordinates. A similarity transformation of the translated set of second image coordinates is performed. This transformation scales and rotates the second image coordinates about the first reference point such that the second image coordinates of the second reference point match its first image coordinates

Subpleural Pulmonary Hyalinizing Granuloma Presenting as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

AbstractWe introduce a case of pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma presented as a solitary pulmonary nodule located subpleurally. The patient was a 57-year-old man who had abnormal chest roentgenograms showing a solitary pulmonary nodule in the right lower lung field. The nodule was resected for definitive diagnosis and histopathologically proved to be pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. In previously reported cases, most patients had ill-defined margins and usually bilateral, multiple lesions radiographically. In our case, the subpleural location is an uncommon location of this rare entity

A New Method for Estimation of the Sensible Heat Flux Under Unstable Conditions Using Satellite Vector Winds

It has been difficult to estimate the sensible heat flux at the air - sea interface using satellite data because of the difficulty in remotely observing the sea level air temperature. In this study, a new method is developed for estimating the sensible heat flux using satellite observations under unstable conditions. The basic idea of the method is that the air - sea temperature difference is related to the atmospheric convergence. Employed data include the wind convergence, sea level humidity, and sea surface temperature. These parameters can be derived from the satellite wind vectors, Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) precipitable water, and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations, respectively. The authors selected a region east of Japan as the test area where the atmospheric convergence appears all year. Comparison between the heat fluxes derived from the satellite data and from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data suggests that the rms difference between the two kinds of sensible heat fluxes has low values in the sea area east of Japan with a minimum of 10.0 W m(-2). The time series of the two kinds of sensible heat fluxes at 10 locations in the area are in agreement, with rms difference ranging between 10.0 and 14.1 W m(-2) and correlation coefficient being higher than 0.7. In addition, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA) Goddard Satellite-Based Surface Turbulent Flux (GSSTF) was used for a further comparison. The low-rms region with high correlation coefficient (\u3e0.7) was also found in the region east of Japan with a minimum of 12.2 W m(-2). Considering the nonlinearity in calculation of the sensible monthly means, the authors believe that the comparison with GSSTF is consistent with that with NCEP data

Multi-Signal Reconstruction Using Masked Autoencoder From EEG During Polysomnography

Polysomnography (PSG) is an indispensable diagnostic tool in sleep medicine, essential for identifying various sleep disorders. By capturing physiological signals, including EEG, EOG, EMG, and cardiorespiratory metrics, PSG presents a patient's sleep architecture. However, its dependency on complex equipment and expertise confines its use to specialized clinical settings. Addressing these limitations, our study aims to perform PSG by developing a system that requires only a single EEG measurement. We propose a novel system capable of reconstructing multi-signal PSG from a single-channel EEG based on a masked autoencoder. The masked autoencoder was trained and evaluated using the Sleep-EDF-20 dataset, with mean squared error as the metric for assessing the similarity between original and reconstructed signals. The model demonstrated proficiency in reconstructing multi-signal data. Our results present promise for the development of more accessible and long-term sleep monitoring systems. This suggests the expansion of PSG's applicability, enabling its use beyond the confines of clinics.Comment: Proc. 12th IEEE International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interfac

Impact of Nap on Performance in Different Working Memory Tasks Using EEG

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used to study the relationship between naps and working memory, yet the effects of naps on distinct working memory tasks remain unclear. Here, participants performed word-pair and visuospatial working memory tasks pre- and post-nap sessions. We found marked differences in accuracy and reaction time between tasks performed pre- and post-nap. In order to identify the impact of naps on performance in each working memory task, we employed clustering to classify participants as high- or low-performers. Analysis of sleep architecture revealed significant variations in sleep onset latency and rapid eye movement (REM) proportion. In addition, the two groups exhibited prominent differences, especially in the delta power of the Non-REM 3 stage linked to memory. Our results emphasize the interplay between nap-related neural activity and working memory, underlining specific EEG markers associated with cognitive performance.Comment: Submitted to 2024 12th IEEE International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interfac

Relationship Between Mood, Sleepiness, and EEG Functional Connectivity by 40 Hz Monaural Beats

The monaural beat is known that it can modulate brain and personal states. However, which changes in brain waves are related to changes in state is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of monaural beats and find the relationship between them. Ten participants took part in five separate random sessions, which included a baseline session and four sessions with monaural beats stimulation: one audible session and three inaudible sessions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded and participants completed pre- and post-stimulation questionnaires assessing mood and sleepiness. As a result, audible session led to increased arousal and positive mood compared to other conditions. From the neurophysiological analysis, statistical differences in frontal-central, central-central, and central-parietal connectivity were observed only in the audible session. Furthermore, a significant correlation was identified between sleepiness and EEG power in the temporal and occipital regions. These results suggested a more detailed correlation for stimulation to change its personal state. These findings have implications for applications in areas such as cognitive enhancement, mood regulation, and sleep management

Neurophysiological Response Based on Auditory Sense for Brain Modulation Using Monaural Beat

Brain modulation is a modification process of brain activity through external stimulations. However, which condition can induce the activation is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify brain activation conditions using 40 Hz monaural beat (MB). Under this stimulation, auditory sense status which is determined by frequency and power range is the condition to consider. Hence, we designed five sessions to compare; no stimulation, audible (AB), inaudible in frequency, inaudible in power, and inaudible in frequency and power. Ten healthy participants underwent each stimulation session for ten minutes with electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. For analysis, we calculated the power spectral density (PSD) of EEG for each session and compared them in frequency, time, and five brain regions. As a result, we observed the prominent power peak at 40 Hz in only AB. The induced EEG amplitude increase started at one minute and increased until the end of the session. These results of AB had significant differences in frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions compared to other stimulations. From the statistical analysis, the PSD of the right temporal region was significantly higher than the left. We figure out the role that the auditory sense is important to lead brain activation. These findings help to understand the neurophysiological principle and effects of auditory stimulation.Comment: Accepted to EMBC 202

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Clinical features of children with carbon monoxide intoxication: a single center study

Purpose To investigate the effect of lifestyle changes on patterns of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and the association between neurologic symptoms and outcomes in Korean children with CO intoxication. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients (< 18 years) with CO intoxication who visited the emergency department of Pusan National University Hospital between February 2012 and January 2020. We collected clinical findings, including age and sex, transfer from other hospitals, source, time and duration of exposure, manifestations with neurologic symptoms (syncope, seizure, and altered mental status), intensive care unit hospitalization, hospital length of stay, implementation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and findings of neuroimaging. These variables were compared between children with and without neurologic symptoms. In addition, levels of carboxyhemoglobin and lactate were compared between patients with and without specific manifestations. Results The enrolled 47 patients’ median age was 10 years (interquartile range, 4.5-14.0). The most common source of exposure was fire (46.8%), followed by camping (23.4%). The most common times of exposure were night (44.7%) and winter (44.7%). The patients with neurologic symptoms (14 [29.8%]) showed longer duration of exposure and hospital length of stay (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). Of the 14 patients, 2 were hospitalized to the intensive care unit without an in-hospital mortality. A significant association was found between dyspnea and lactate level (P = 0.049), also between syncope or presyncope and carboxy hemoglobin level (P = 0.017). Conclusion CO intoxication in Korean children is most often caused by fire and camping, and at night and in winter. There is a correlation between neurologic symptoms and duration of exposure to CO

Surface warming slowdown with continued subsurface warming in the East Sea (Japan Sea) over recent decades (2000–2014)

The long-term surface warming trend in the East Sea (Japan Sea; ES hereafter) stalled from 2000 to 2014 (−0.05°C yr−1, surface warming slowdown), while the subsurface (100–300°m) warming trend continued (+0.03°C yr−1). To address the processes underlying these contrasting trends in surface and subsurface temperature change, the trends in sea-level anomaly, isopycnal depth, and wind pattern were analyzed using monthly mean ocean reanalysis system 4 (ORAS4) data. During this period, the strengthened northwesterly/northerly wind in the central part of ES is supposed to contribute to a negative (positive) wind stress curl to its west (east), corresponding to an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation in the west (east). Furthermore, the induced negative wind stress in the west appears to enhance the northward penetration of East Korean Warm Current (EKWC), the slowdown in its eastward meandering around 38° N from the Korea coast, resulting in warm water accumulation in the west with peak warm anomaly at relatively greater depth compared to peak cold anomaly in the east. Overall, these wind-driven changes in transport from west to east, wind stress curl induced horizontal divergence (convergence) and the associated upwelling (downwelling), causes surface warming to slow and subsurface warming to persist during 2000 to 2014