Additional file 1 of Systematic review and meta-analysis of mass spectrometry proteomics applied to ocular fluids to assess potential biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration

Additional file 1: Table S1. QUADOMICS criteria to evaluate the quality of the -omics research reports included in a systematic review

Table_1_Trends and disparities in disease burden of age-related macular degeneration from 1990 to 2019: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019.doc

ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the trends and disparities in the worldwide burden for health of AMD, overall and by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), region, and nation using prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019.MethodsThis retrospective study presents the prevalent AMD cases and YLDs from 1990–2019, as well as the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) of AMD. To measure changes over time, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of the age-standardized rates (ASRs) were analyzed globally, then studied further by sex, SDI, region, and nation. We included data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to examine AMD prevalence and YLDs from 1990–2019 in 204 countries and territories, as well as demographic information such as age, sex, SDI, region, and nation.ResultsGlobally, the number of prevalent AMD cases increased from 3,581,329.17 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3,025,619.4–4,188,835.7) in 1990 to 7,792,530 (95% UI, 6,526,081.5–9,159,394.9) in 2019, and the number of YLDs increased from 296,771.93 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 205,462.8–418,699.82) in 1990 to 564,055.1 (95% UI, 392,930.7–789,194.64) in 2019. The ASPR of AMD had a decreased trend with an EAPC of −0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.2 to −0.11) from 1990 to 2019, and the ASYR of AMD showed a decreased trend with an EAPC of −0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.78 to −0.65) during this period. The prevalence and YLDs of AMD in adults over 50 years of age showed a significant increase. The prevalence and YLDs of AMD were significantly higher in females than males, overall. The ASPRs and ASYRs in low SDI regions was greater than in high SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. In addition, increases in prevalence and YLDs differed by regions and nations, as well as level of socio-economic development.ConclusionThe number of prevalent cases and YLDs due to AMD increased over 30 years and were directly linked to age, sex, socio-economic status, and geographic location. These findings can not only guide public health work but also provide an epidemiological basis for global strategy formulation regarding this global health challenge.</p

A red fluorescent BODIPY probe for iridium (III) ion and its application in living cells

<p>A new red fluorescent probe <b>1</b> based on BODIPY skeleton has been successfully synthesized through introduction of 2-(thiophen-2-yl) quinoline moiety at <i>meso</i>- and 3- position, which exhibits excellent optical performance, including high fluorescence quantum yield, large pseudo stokes’ shift as well as high selectivity and sensitivity towards iridium (III) ion in aqueous solution and in living cells.</p

Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted 4‑Alkylamino and 4‑Arylaminophthalazin-1(2<i>H</i>)‑ones

An efficient regioselective synthesis of substituted 4-alkylamino and 4-arylaminophthalazin-1­(1<i>H</i>)-ones <b>5</b> is described. This new method features the formation of substituted phthalazin-1­(1<i>H</i>)-ones <b>3</b> by the reaction of 2-formylbenzoic acids <b>1</b> or 3-hydroxyisobenzofuran-1­(3<i>H</i>)-ones <b>2</b> with hydrazine to generate phthalazin-1­(2<i>H</i>)-ones <b>3</b>. Subsequent regioselective bromination of phthalazin-1­(2<i>H</i>)-ones <b>3</b> with benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide (BTMA-Br₃) followed by mixed copper–copper oxide-catalyzed amination of 4-bromophthalazin-1­(2<i>H</i>)-ones <b>4</b> with primary amines generates aminophthalazin-1­(2<i>H</i>)-ones in good overall yields

Chiral photonic topological states in Penrose quasicrystals

Electromagnetic topological edge states typically are created in photonic systems with crystalline symmetry and these states emerge because of the topological feature of bulk Bloch bands in momentum space according to the bulk-edge correspondence principle. In this work, we demonstrate the existence of chiral topological electromagnetic edge states in Penrose-tiled photonic quasicrystals made of magneto-optical materials, without relying on the concept of bulk Bloch bands in momentum space. Despite the absence of bulk Bloch bands, which naturally defiles the conventional definition of topological invariants in momentum space characterizing these states, such as the Chern number, we show that some bandgaps in these photonic quasicrystals still could host unidirectional topological electromagnetic edge states immune to backscattering in both cylinders-in-air and holes-in-slab configurations. Employing a real-space topological invariant based on the Bott index, our calculations reveal that the bandgaps hosting these chiral topological edge states possess a nontrivial Bott index of $\pm 1$, depending on the direction of the external magnetic field. Our work opens the door to the study of topological states in photonic quasicrystals

Integrating Ring-Size Adjustable Cycloalkyl and Benzhydryl Groups as the Steric Protection in Bis(arylimino)trihydroquinoline-Cobalt Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization

Combined condensation and complexation of 2-acetyl-5,6,7-trihydroquinolin-8-one, cobalt(II) chloride and the corresponding aniline has been employed as an effective one-pot route to the 2-(1-(arylimino)ethyl)-8-arylimino-5,6,7-trihydroquinoline-cobalt(II) chlorides (aryl=2-Me-4-(CHPh2)-6-(C5H9)C6H2 Co1, 2-Me-4-(C5H9)-6-(CHPh2)C6H2 Co2, 2-(C5H9)-4-Me-6-(CHPh2)C6H2 Co3, 2-(C5H9)-4,6-(CHPh2)2C6H2 Co4, 2-(C6H11)-4,6-(CHPh2)2C6H2 Co5, 2-(C8H15)-4,6-(CHPh2)2C6H2 Co6, 2-F-4,6-(CHPh2)2C6H2 Co7, 2-Cl-4,6-(CHPh2)2C6H2 Co8, 2-Me-4,6-(CHPh2)2C6H2 Co9). All complexes have been well characterized including by single crystal X-ray diffraction for Co3. On activation with either MAO or MMAO, Co1 was the most active for ethylene polymerization with the MAO-activated precatalyst reaching a peak level at 60 °C (up to 13.66×106 g (PE) mol−1(Co) h−1). By varying the electronic and steric properties of the ortho- and/or the para-substituents of the N-aryl groups, excellent control over molecular weight could be achieved with values falling in the range 0.97–101.63 kg mol−1 obtainable. Notably, with a benzhydryl group positioned on the ortho-position of the N-aryl group, a significant enhancement of the molecular weight was observed, while the least bulky ortho-cyclopentyl substituent led to increased catalytic activity. As a final point, distinctive microstructural characteristics of the polyethylenes were observed with Co1/MAO producing near quantitative levels of vinyl end groups

dXPO1 has antiviral activity in insects.

<p><b>A.</b> Representative images of <i>Drosophila</i> cells treated with control (β-gal) or dXPO1 dsRNA, and infected with WNV, WNV-KUN, DEN, SIN, RVFV, or VSV (blue, nuclei; green, virus). <b>B</b>. Quantification of fold change in infection for dsRNA treated cells as in <b>A</b>. Mean ± SD for 3 independent experiments; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01. <b>C–D</b>. Viral RNA levels measured using RT-qPCR in Drosophila cells treated with β-gal (control) or dXPO1 dsRNA and infected with WNV (<b>C</b>) or VSV (<b>D</b>). Mean ± SD of fold change for 3 independent experiments; * p<0.05. <b>E–H</b>. Adult flies of the indicated genotypes were challenged with vehicle or WNV-KUN (<b>E, G</b>) or VSV (<b>F, H</b>) and mortality (<b>E, F</b>) was monitored as a function of time post-infection (** p<0.01 log rank). (<b>G, H</b>) Groups of 15 flies of the indicated genotypes were challenged, and viral titer was assessed by plaque assay in 3 or 4 independent experiments (shown as individual dots) with controls (set to 1) and fold change shown at day 6 post infection. Line represents mean. <b>I–J</b>. Aag2 cells were treated with the indicated dsRNA and then infected with (<b>I</b>) WNV-KUN or (<b>J</b>) VSV. Mean ± SD of fold change in percent infection compared to control (β-gal dsRNA) for 3 independent experiments; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.</p

Achieving beyond 100% Triplet State Generation with Singlet Fission Strategy for High-Performance Photosensitizer Design

As the key of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the current photosensitizer (PS) design highly relies on promoting the intersystem crossing (ISC) process to form the triplet excited state, thus generating toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, ISC is a spin-forbidden process with a low triplet state generation yield (<100%). Herein, as a proof of concept, we report a new strategy of aggregation induced singlet fission (SF) process with an ultrafast rate (<100 ps) and a very high triplet yield (>100%) to design efficient PSs. Such a unique SF strategy is demonstrated with an anthracene derivative of BPA-An, which shows J-aggregation enhanced ROS generation ability. Mechanism studies with aggregation behavior and fs-transient absorption spectroscopy indicate that BPA-An in J-aggregate state can efficiently generate triplet state via the SF process with a 158% triplet yield and thus possesses excellent Type-I and Type-II ROS generation ability in nanoparticle (NP) format. Both cellular and animal experiments further prove the excellent PDT antitumor performance of BPA-An NPs. To the best of our knowledge, this work shall represent the first example of utilizing SF as the design rule to promote the triplet state generation of PSs, which shall pave a new avenue in PDT

RUVBL1 and XPO1 restrict viral infection in mammalian cells.

<p><b>A–D.</b> Human U2OS cells were transfected with siRNAs against a control, hRuvBL1, or hXPO1 and challenged 3 days post transfection with WNV-KUN for 20 hours (<b>A–B</b>) or VSV for 12 hours (<b>C–D</b>). Cells were fixed, processed for microscopy and quantified in <b>A, C</b>. Mean ± SD of fold change compared to control for 3 independent experiments; * p<0.05, **p<0.01. Cells were processed for northern blots and quantified displaying the mean for 3 independent experiments with control set to 1; * p<0.05, **p<0.01 in <b>B, D</b>. <b>E</b>. 293T cells were transfected with siRNAs against control or two independent siRNAs against hTIP60 and challenged 3 days post transfection with WNV for 24 hours and processed by flow cytometry. Three independent experiments were quantified; Mean ± SD of the fold change in infection is shown and normalized to the control; **p<0.01. <b>F</b>. Primary neurons transduced with lentiviruses expressing the indicated shRNAs were infected with WNV for 24 hours and processed for viral yield by focus forming assays. Mean ± SD for 3 independent experiments; * p<0.05, **p<0.01. <b>G–H</b>. U2OS cells were treated with vehicle or LMB and infected with (<b>G</b>) WNV-KUN or (<b>H</b>) VSV. Mean ± SD of fold change in percent infection compared to control (vehicle) for 3 independent experiments; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.</p

Tip60 complex has antiviral activity.

<p><b>A.</b> Table of RUVBL1-associated complexes, whether the complex is dependent on RUVBL2, and other genes in the complexes tested for antiviral activity. Genes in red were found to be antiviral against both WNV and VSV. <b>B–C</b>. DL1 cells were treated with the indicated dsRNA and then infected with (<b>B</b>) WNV or (<b>C</b>) VSV. Mean ± SD of fold change in percent infection compared to control (bgal dsRNA) for 3 independent experiments; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01. <b>D–E</b>. Aag2 cells were treated with the indicated dsRNA and then infected with (<b>D</b>) WNV-KUN or (<b>E</b>) VSV. Mean ± SD of fold change in percent infection compared to control (bgal dsRNA) for 3 independent experiments; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.</p