Topological Susceptibility under Gradient Flow

We study the impact of the Gradient Flow on the topology in various models of lattice field theory. The topological susceptibility $\chi_{\rm t}$ is measured directly, and by the slab method, which is based on the topological content of sub-volumes ("slabs") and estimates $\chi_{\rm t}$ even when the system remains trapped in a fixed topological sector. The results obtained by both methods are essentially consistent, but the impact of the Gradient Flow on the characteristic quantity of the slab method seems to be different in 2-flavour QCD and in the 2d O(3) model. In the latter model, we further address the question whether or not the Gradient Flow leads to a finite continuum limit of the topological susceptibility (rescaled by the correlation length squared, $\xi^{2}$). This ongoing study is based on direct measurements of $\chi_{\rm t}$ in $L \times L$ lattices, at $L/\xi \simeq 6$.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex, 5 figures, talk presented at the 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, June 18-24, 2017, Granada, Spai

Does network topology influence systemic risk contribution? A perspective from the industry indices in Chinese stock market - Fig 3

<p>MSTs of the CSI 300 two-tier industry index network on January 4, 2007 (a) and September 30, 2016(b).</p

DataSheet_1_A comprehensive description of the TolC effect on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in Enterobacter bugandensis.pdf

BackgroundEnterobacter bugandensis is an emerging human pathogen in which multidrug resistant strains have been continuously isolated from various environments. Thus, this organism possesses the potential to pose challenges in human healthcare. However, the mechanisms, especially the efflux pumps, responsible for the multidrug resistance in E. bugandensis remain to be well elucidated.MethodsThe Enterobacter strain CMCC(B) 45301 was specifically identified using whole genome sequencing. The specific CMCC(B) 45301 homologues of the TolC dependent efflux-pump genes characterized in Escherichia coli were identified. The tolC deletion mutant in CMCC(B) 45301 was constructed and subjected to susceptibility tests using 26 different antimicrobial agents, along with the wild type strain. The synergistic effects combining the Bacillus crude extract (BCE) and several other TolC-affected compounds against CMCC(B) 45301 were assayed.ResultsWe reclassified the Enterobacter CMCC(B) 45301 strain from species cloacae to bugandensis, on the basis of its whole genome sequence. We found that the CMCC(B) 45301 TolC, AcrAB, AcrD, AcrEF, MdtABC, EmrAB, and MacAB exhibit high similarity with their respective homologues in E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae. Our results for the susceptibility tests revealed that lacking tolC causes 4- to 256-fold decrease in the minimal inhibitory concentrations of piperacillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin against CMCC(B) 45301. In addition, the inhibition zones formed by cefuroxime, cefoperazone, amikacin, streptomycin, minocycline, doxycycline, levofloxacin, florfenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, lincomycin, and clindamycin for the tolC mutant were larger or more obvious than that for the parent. Our data suggested the important role played by TolC in CMCC(B) 45301 susceptibility to common antibiotic families covering ß-lactam, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, phenicol, folate pathway antagonist, macrolide, and lincosamide. Deletion for tolC also increased the susceptibility of CMCC(B) 45301 to berberine hydrochloride and BCE, two natural product-based agents. Finally, we found that erythromycin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin can potentiate the antibacterial activity of BCE against CMCC(B) 45301.DiscussionThe present study elaborated the comprehensive TolC effect on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in E. bugandensis, which might contribute to the development of more therapeutic options against this nosocomial pathogen.</p

DataSheet_2_A comprehensive description of the TolC effect on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in Enterobacter bugandensis.pdf

BackgroundEnterobacter bugandensis is an emerging human pathogen in which multidrug resistant strains have been continuously isolated from various environments. Thus, this organism possesses the potential to pose challenges in human healthcare. However, the mechanisms, especially the efflux pumps, responsible for the multidrug resistance in E. bugandensis remain to be well elucidated.MethodsThe Enterobacter strain CMCC(B) 45301 was specifically identified using whole genome sequencing. The specific CMCC(B) 45301 homologues of the TolC dependent efflux-pump genes characterized in Escherichia coli were identified. The tolC deletion mutant in CMCC(B) 45301 was constructed and subjected to susceptibility tests using 26 different antimicrobial agents, along with the wild type strain. The synergistic effects combining the Bacillus crude extract (BCE) and several other TolC-affected compounds against CMCC(B) 45301 were assayed.ResultsWe reclassified the Enterobacter CMCC(B) 45301 strain from species cloacae to bugandensis, on the basis of its whole genome sequence. We found that the CMCC(B) 45301 TolC, AcrAB, AcrD, AcrEF, MdtABC, EmrAB, and MacAB exhibit high similarity with their respective homologues in E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae. Our results for the susceptibility tests revealed that lacking tolC causes 4- to 256-fold decrease in the minimal inhibitory concentrations of piperacillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin against CMCC(B) 45301. In addition, the inhibition zones formed by cefuroxime, cefoperazone, amikacin, streptomycin, minocycline, doxycycline, levofloxacin, florfenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, lincomycin, and clindamycin for the tolC mutant were larger or more obvious than that for the parent. Our data suggested the important role played by TolC in CMCC(B) 45301 susceptibility to common antibiotic families covering ß-lactam, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, phenicol, folate pathway antagonist, macrolide, and lincosamide. Deletion for tolC also increased the susceptibility of CMCC(B) 45301 to berberine hydrochloride and BCE, two natural product-based agents. Finally, we found that erythromycin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin can potentiate the antibacterial activity of BCE against CMCC(B) 45301.DiscussionThe present study elaborated the comprehensive TolC effect on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in E. bugandensis, which might contribute to the development of more therapeutic options against this nosocomial pathogen.</p

The DCCs between the ENG and CSI 300 index returns from January 2007 to June 2016.

<p>The DCCs between the ENG and CSI 300 index returns from January 2007 to June 2016.</p

The systemic risk contribution of ENG from 2007 to 2016.

<p>The systemic risk contribution of ENG from 2007 to 2016.</p

The evolution of the topology of the ENG.

<p>(a) shows the node degree of the ENG. (b) shows the node strength of the ENG. (c) shows the betweenness centrality of the ENG. (d) shows the closeness centrality of the ENG. (e) shows the node occupation layer of the ENG. (f) shows the clustering coefficient of the ENG.</p

The dynamic threshold of the CSI 300 two-tier industry index network.

<p>The dynamic threshold of the CSI 300 two-tier industry index network.</p

Panel data model estimation results.

<p>Panel data model estimation results.</p

ADF, Ljung-Box and ARCH effect test results for the ENG (CSI 300 Energy index) and the CSI 300 index returns.

<p>ADF, Ljung-Box and ARCH effect test results for the ENG (CSI 300 Energy index) and the CSI 300 index returns.</p