Stability of Ceftiofur Sodium and Cefquinome Sulphate in Intravenous Solutions

Stability of ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate in intravenous solutions was studied. Chromatographic separation and quantitative determination were performed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-DAD detection. During the stability study, poly(vinylchloride) minibags were filled with a solution containing 5 mg of ceftiofur sodium or cefquinome sulphate and diluted to 0.2 mg/mL with suitable intravenous solution depending on the test conditions. The solutions for the study were protected from light and stored at room temperature (22°C), refrigerated (6°C), frozen (−20°C) for 30 days, and then thawed at room temperature. A comparison of results obtained at 22°C and 6°C for the same intravenous solutions showed that temperature as well as components of solutions and their concentration had an influence on the stability of ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate. It was found that ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate dissolved in intravenous solutions used in this study may be stored at room temperature and at 6°C for up to 48 h

The Influence of pH and Temperature on the Stability of N

The influence of pH and temperature on the stability of N-[(piperidine)methylene]daunorubicin hydrochloride (PPD) was investigated. Degradation was studied using an HPLC method. Specific acid-base catalysis of PPD involves hydrolysis of protonated molecules of PPD catalyzed by hydrogen ions and spontaneous hydrolysis under the influence of water zwitterions, unprotonated molecules, and monoanions of PPD. The thermodynamic parameters of these reactions, energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were calculated. Also, the stability of daunorubicin and its new amidine derivatives (piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, and hexahydroazepin-1-yl) in aqueous solutions was compared and discussed

Somnambulism. Clinical manifestations and therapy

Somnambulizm (sennowłóctwo) jest nieorganicznym zaburzeniem snu o typie parasomnii, występującym u około 15% dzieci i 3% dorosłych. Klinicznie objawia się wykonywaniem podczas fazy snu non-REM złożonych czynności ruchowych (np. chodzenie, jedzenie), bez pełnego wybudzenia się ze snu oraz przy niepamięci tego wydarzenia w dniu następnym. Wiedza zarówno psychologów, jak i lekarzy na temat somnambulizmu jest najczęściej fragmentaryczna, a w praktyce klinicznej znaczenie tego zaburzenia jest zazwyczaj lekceważone. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zatem przybliżenie psychologom i innym zainteresowanym specjalistom aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat somnambulizmu. Artykuł prezentuje zagadnienia częstotliwości jego występowania, obrazu klinicznego, patofizjologii, kryteriów rozpoznawania, współzachorowalności, etiologii, patomechanizmów, sposobów diagnozowania i prób terapii. Przedstawiono również wynikające z dokonanego przeglądu literatury implikacje dla praktyki klinicznej i badawczej psychologów.Somnambulism (sleepwalking) is a non-organic sleep disorder of the parasomnia type with estimated prevalence of 15% in children and 3% in adults. Its clinical symptoms include performing complex motor activities (e.g. walking, eating) during the non-REM sleep stage, without full awakening and with amnesia of the event on the following morning. The knowledge about somnambulism is usually fragmentary both among psychologists and physicians, and the significance of this disorder tends to be neglected in clinical practice. The objective of this paper is, therefore, to provide psychologists and other professionals with an update on recent developments in the knowledge of somnambulism. The paper addresses the issues of prevalence of sleepwalking, its clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, comorbidity, etiology, pathomechanisms, diagnostic methods and attempts of treatment. Finally, based on the presented review, clinical and research implications for psychologists are outlined

STABILITY STUDIES OF CEFTIOFUR SODIUM IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND IN THE SOLID PHASE

Ceftiofur sodium (CFT), a third-generation cephalosporin for parenteral use, is commonly used in veterinary medicine against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as certain anaerobes. Its broad spectrum of activity and resistance to beta-lactamases result from the presence of methoxyimino and aminothiazole moieties at C-7 in the cephalosporin structure. The aim of this study was a comprehensive evaluation of the stability of CFT in the solid phase and in aqueous solutions. A fast and sensitive HPLC isocratic method was used for the determination of CFT degradation in the solid phase and in aqueous solutions. CFT degradation occurred according to a first-order reaction depending on the substrate concentration. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of CFT degradation in the solid phase were calculated. General acid-base hydrolysis of CFT was not observed in the solutions of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphate (pH 5.84 – 7.25), acetate (pH 3.65 – 5.48) and borate (pH 7.49 – 10.07) buffers. CFT was the most stable in the pH range 2 – 6. The susceptibility of CFT to degradation under the influence of stress factors (pH, temperature, buffer components concentration, relative air humidity) should be considered in terms of storage conditions and the preparation of the product for administration

The Influence of Supplementation with Zinc in Micro and Nano Forms on the Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Livers of Rats with Breast Cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation (in the form of nano or microparticles) on the profile and metabolism of fatty acids in the liver microsomes of rats with induced breast cancer. The activity of desaturases (Δ5, Δ6, Δ9) and the level of cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives were measured. The aim of this study was also to determine the effect of various forms of zinc supplements on rats that were on 5-, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (5-, 12- and 15-HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE) acids, and the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Female Spraque-Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into 2 groups that were supplemented with zinc in the micro form (342 nm) or nano form (99 nm) particles, respectively, and a group with a standard diet (control group). All animals received 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene twice for the induction of breast cancer. Dietary nano-Zn supplementation increased vaccenic acid content (p = 0.032) and decreased Δ6-desaturase activity (p = 0.006), whereas micro-Zn increased cholesterol (p = 0.006), ∑COPs (total cholesterol-oxidation products) (p = 0.019) and PGE2 (p = 0.028) content. Dietary enrichment with Zn microparticles resulted in lower concentrations of the metabolites 15-, 12- and 5-HETE and HODE. Our study indicates that the effect of zinc supplementation on the metabolism of fatty acids in the liver microsomes under neoplastic conditions depends on the form in which it is administered

Denaturation of proteins by surfactants studied by the Taylor dispersion analysis - Fig 3

<p>ECD spectra showing changes in the tertiary structure of β-lactoglobulin (A), transferrin (B) and human insulin (C) with increasing surfactant concentration. For β-lactoglobulin and transferrin the concentrations of SDS were 4.3 x 10⁻⁴ M and 8.7 x 10⁻² M for partially and fully denatured protein, respectively. For insulin the concentrations of SDS were 2.3 x 10⁻⁴ M and 8.7 x 10⁻² M for partially and fully denatured protein, respectively.</p