GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCES FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF LHC MAGNETS

This report presents a detailed summary of all the geometrical tolerances which were defined in order to qualify the LHC magnet assemblies for aperture

Posterior Stabilization of the Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine with the CerviFix®

Abstract : Objective: : Posterior stabilization of the occipitocervical junction, the upper and lower cervical spine (C-spine), and the upper thoracic spine (T-spine) using the Cervi-Fix® rod system, a modular tension band system made of titanium. Various connectors are attached to the pliable rod. 3.5-mm screws are inserted through the connectors into the occiput and into each motion segment of C- and T-spine in an optimal position. Indications: : Occipitocervical and upper C-spine instabilities (malformations, tumors, infections, aseptic inflammatory lesions, posttraumatic conditions). Instabilities of the lower C-spine on the condition that the anterior column is intact (iatrogenic, posttraumatic instabilities caused by degenerative or inflammatory processes, tumors). Degenerative or posttraumatic painful conditions of the lower C-spine. Additional posterior stabilization after anterior spondylodesis of the C-spine or upper T-spine. Contraindications: : Absent stability of the anterior column due to vertebral body destruction caused by trauma, infection, or tumors. Surgical Technique: : Insertion of screws into the occiput and/or into the lateral masses or pedicles of the C-spine or upper T-spine depending on the level to be fused. Adaptation of rods and their attachments to the screws with the help of connectors. Addition of autogenous cancellous bone grafts. Results: : The CerviFix® system was used for various pathologic conditions in 54 patients (26 women, 19 men, average age 59 years). Average duration of follow-up of 47 patients was 20 months. Bony fusion was obtained in all. We did not see any implant-associated complication

Atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: case series and review of the literature

The intention of this study is to present our experience in the surgical treatment of painful atlantoaxial osteoarthritis (AAOA) and review the literature on this subject. Osteoarthritis of the atlantoaxial joints is more common than is generally suspected. It has a prevalence between 5 and 18%. Only a minority of patients becomes symptomatic suffering from severe suboccipital pain, irradiating into the occiput, vertex and sometimes as far as the eyes. Most often, these patients can successfully be treated conservatively. Some of these patients however require operative treatment. The study includes five patients with painful AAOA (one posttraumatic, four idiopathic) not responding to conservative treatment for a minimum of sixmonths. Rheumatoid arthritis was excluded. All but one patient were female and all but one patient were over 50years old (mean 64years). The origin of pain was confirmed by diagnostic C1-C2 facet blocks in all patients. The patients were treated with a C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation and Gallie type fusion. Patients were followed clinically and radiologically for a minimum of 24months. Mean follow-up was 38months (24-48). In all patients the typical pain disappeared immediately after surgery and has not reoccurred. Pain intensity on the VAS decreased from 100 to 34. At the latest follow-up radiologically solid fusion and stable implants were found in all cases. All five patients would undergo this surgery for the same condition again. C1-C2 fusion effectively relieves occipitocervical pain in AAOA non responsive to conservative treatmen

Dorsale Stabilisation derHalswirbelsäule und der oberen Brustwirbelsäule mit demCerviFix®

Zusammenfassung : Operationsziel : Dorsale Fixation des okzipitozervikalen Übergangs, der oberen und unteren Halswirbelsäule (HWS) sowie der oberen Brustwirbelsäule (BWS) mit dem CerviFix®-Stabsystem, einem modularen Zuggurtungssystem aus Titan. Auf einem modellierbaren Stab können verschiedene Backen angebracht werden, die an den Stab fixiert werden. Durch die Backen hindurch werden 3,5-mm-Schrauben eingebracht, die am Okziput sowie an jedem Bewegungssegment der HWS und BWS optimal verankert werden können. Indikationen : Okzipitozervikale Instabilitäten sowie Instabilitäten der oberen HWS (Fehlbildungen, Tumoren, Infekte, aseptische entzündliche Veränderungen, posttraumatische Zustände). Instabilitäten der unteren HWS, sofern die ventrale Säule erhalten ist (iatrogene, posttraumatische, degenerative oder entzündlich bedingte Instabilitäten, Tumoren). Degenerative oder posttraumatische schmerzhafte Zustände der unteren HWS. Zusatzstabilisation ventraler Spondylodesen der HWS und oberen BWS. Kontraindikationen : Fehlende Stabilität der vorderen Säule in Kompression, z. B. posttraumatische, infektbedingte oder tumoröse Destruktionen von Wirbelkörpern. Operationstechnik : Schraubenverankerung im Okziput, in den Facettengelenken der HWS sowie den Pedikeln der oberen BWS entsprechend den zu fusionierenden Segmenten. Verbindung von Längsstangen und Schrauben mit speziellen Backen und Querverbindern. Anlagerung von autogenem Knochenmaterial. Ergebnisse : Das CerviFix®-System hat sich zur operativen Behandlung verschiedenster pathologischer Zustände bei 54 Patienten (26 Frauen, 19 Männer, Durchschnittsalter 59 Jahre) bewährt. 47 Patienten konnten nachkontrolliert werden (durchschnittliche Nachkontrollzeit: 20 Monate). Bei allen Patienten wurde die Fusion als geheilt beurteilt. Implantatbedingte Komplikationen waren nicht feststellba

Strategy for allocating the MSI magnets and vacuum chambers

The known aperture limits in the MSI septa, together with the magnet and vacuum chamber geometry measurement, allows an optimisation of the installation regarding magnet and chamber allocation. The improvements are small but significant, of the order of 0.4 mm from allocation of the magnets and 0.7 mm from sorting and orienting the chambers; however, these gains are essentially for free, and should be implemented, since the apertures in these magnets are tight

Strategy for allocating the MSD magnets and vacuum chambers

An analogous strategy as applied for the MSI septum magnets allows an optimisation of the installation of the MSD septa regarding magnet and chamber allocation. Even if the gain in aperture is small, of the order of half a millimetre, it is not negligible and- being essentially for free - should nevertheless be implemented

Evaluation of energy efficiency program in Geneva: Evaluation methodology and experience feedback for two subprograms using bottom-up approach

After a brief presentation of the program éco21 and the framework of its monitoring and evaluation, this paper addresses the evaluation methodologies pertaining to two of the ten subprograms constituting éco21: Low Income Household (éco-sociale) and Building Communal Areas (communs d'immeubles). For these two subprograms, different options of enhanced engineering estimations—that will be used with a sample of projects—will enable to refine simple engineering estimations. (The terminology is inspired from the Directive 2006/32/EC) The aim is to drop the enhanced engineering methods later in favor of the "improved” simple engineering estimations that are more efficient in time and cost. Billing analysis will be used systematically to double check the estimates and to evaluate the lifetime of the actions. First evaluation experiences: the results of the very first evaluation experiences for the two subprograms (éco-sociale and communs d'immeubles) are presented. First feedback to program managers: the first pilot project of éco-sociale showed that the electrical power of the lights bulbs, which were replaced with more efficient ones, has an average value that is lower than the one expected before the implementation of the pilot project. However, for Building Communal Areas, the results from a sample of projects implemented during 2008 and 2009 show that the actual savings per project are higher than the expected saving

S'ajuster, interpréter et qualifier une pratique culturelle (Approche communicationnelle de la visite muséale)

La thèse contribue à comprendre le rapport qui peut s établir entre expérience spécifique de la culture et relation à la culture, dans le cas particulier de la visite muséale. C est la notion d ajustement qui est proposée pour rendre compte de ce rapport. Celle-ci désigne un régime d interaction au cours duquel, l acteur social s engage dans un corps-à-corps avec un dispositif de communication et interprète la situation en mobilisant des représentations de cette situation et de son rôle de visiteur. Aussi la première partie montre grâce à un détour par les théories de l ethnométhodologie, des représentations sociales et de l interaction médiatisée comment le cadre méthodologique de la thèse a été construit pour appréhender la pratique du visiteur en train de se déployer. Deux terrains ont été choisis pour cette analyse : une exposition temporaire, dans les salles du musée du Louvre, qui engage une situation postulée comme une expérience de visite ; et un jeu pédagogique sur téléphone portable, mené dans les salles du musée des arts et métiers, qui ébranle, précisément, ce prérequis. La deuxième partie présente ainsi une analyse qui met en regard l étude de la préfiguration des situations de communication par les dispositifs pour chacun des terrains, et la dynamique de leur redéfinition par les visiteurs, dans un ajustement progressif. L exemple du texte, en tant qu il est un opérateur de médiation aux objets et aux savoirs, permet de voir comment le visiteur s ajuste à une double anticipation (l activité de lecture et l activité de visite), dans une tension entre la caractérisation de ses postures de lecture, la retextualisation des propositions et la reformulation permanente du projet général de la visite. La troisième partie consiste alors à regarder comment le visiteur caractérise la situation qu il est en train de vivre, non plus seulement à partir de son expérience de lecture, mais à partir de sa compréhension de son activité générale de visite. On observe alors que les visiteurs vivent profondément une situation d interaction médiatisée, c'est-à-dire qu à la fois ils postulent une forme de dialogue avec un concepteur qui leur parle et en même temps ils identifient en permanence le geste expographique qui consiste à mettre en scène un espace. Cette situation est vécue dans un jeu d attention très forte aux caractéristiques sémiotiques de l exposition et de suspension volontaire de l incrédulité. Pour terminer, l analyse a permis de mettre au jour trois formes d ajustement caractéristiques : (1) la mobilisation et construction de figures de parcours et de figures de visiteurs qui médiatisent le rapport de l acteur à sa propre pratique et qui lui permettent de juger la situation de communication qu il est en train de vivre. (2) La prise de rôle qui s élabore à partir de la nécessité de trouver un cadre pertinent d interprétation pour l activité. (3) Et enfin, le jeu entre description de l activité et cadre général d interprétation qui permet au visiteur de construire un rapport plus général à la culture.The thesis contributes to facilitate an understanding of the relation that can be established between a specific experience of culture and a relationship to culture, in the specific case of the museum visit. The notion of adjustment is proposed in order to account for this relation and points to a system of interaction during which the social agent is engaged in an embodied relationship with a dispositif (or apparatus) of communication and interprets the situation by using representations of this situation and of his role as a visitor. Thanks to a detour via the theories of ethnomethodology, of the social representations and of the mediated interactions, the first part shows how the methodological framework of the thesis has been built in order to apprehend the practice of the visitor as it is being deployed. Two case studies have been chosen for this analysis, a temporary exhibition in the galleries of the museum le Louvre, which engages a situation formulated as an experience of a visit; and a pedagogical game on mobile phone, set in the galleries of the museum arts et metiers, which disturbs this previous assumption. The second part then presents an analysis that puts into dialogue the study of the configuration of situations of communication through the dispositifs at play in each of these situations, and the dynamic of their redefinition by the visitors, through a progressive adjustment. The example of the text since it is considered to be a means of mediation with objects and with knowledge, reveals how the visitor adapts to situation that anticipate a double usage (reading and visiting), with a tension between the characterisation of his gesture and of his reading postures, the retextualisation of the propositions and the permanent reformulation of the general project of the visit. The third part consists in looking at how the visitor defines the situation that he is going through, not only from his experience of reading, but also from his general understanding of his visit. We then observe that the visitors profoundly live a situation of mediated interaction, which means that they simultaneously postulate a form of dialogue with a conceptor that speak to them and constantly identify the expographic gesture that consists in staging a space. This situation is experienced through a game of strong attention to the semiotic characteristics of the exhibition and through a willing suspension of disbelief. Finally, the analysis has allowed to bring to light three characteristic forms of adjustment: (1) The mobilisation and construction of figures of paths and figures of visitors which mediate the relationship between the agent and his own practice and which allow him to judge the situation of communication that he is going through. (2) The fulfilment of a role that is being elaborated from the necessity to find a relevant framework of interpretation for the activity. (3) And finally, the game between the description of the activity and the general framework of interpretation that allows the visitor to construct a broader relationship to culture.AVIGNON-Bib. numérique (840079901) / SudocSudocFranceF