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Methods of Step-Size Distribution Optimization Used in S-SSFM Simulations of WDM Systems, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2009, nr 1

Brief review of methods used for simulation of signal propagation in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM)links is presented. We propose two novel methods of stepsize distribution optimization used to improve symmetrized split step Fourier method (S-SSFM) numerical efficiency: presimulated local error S-SSFM (PsLE S-SSFM) and modified logarithmic (ML S-SSFM). The PsLE S-SSFM contains two stages: in the initial stage step-size distribution optimization is carried out by combining local error method and presimulation with signal spectrum averaging; in the second stage conventional SSFM is used by applying optimal step-size distribution obtained in the initial stage. The ML S-SSFMis generalization of logarithmic method proposed to suppress spurious FWM tones, in which a slope of logarithmic step-size distribution is optimized. Overall time savings exceed 50%, depending of a simulated system scenario

The best currency for an independent Scotland would be Norway’s krone

No abstract available

British Tata Steel Collapse What Happened?

Any firm, large or small, must generate profit. The only difference between them is that the former can sustain the losses forlonger. However, is a 2 billion pounds loss in five years enough to quit? For Tata Steel, it was and we cannot blame it forthis. The reasons for such decision listed by the firm were, among others, huge surplus of steel in the world market andhigh costs of its production in the UK.This is not the first British producer, which closed its steel mills. In September 2015, Sahaviriya Steel Industries UK, 100percent owned by Thailand’s largest steel producer, Sahaviriya Steel Industries PLC, stopped its production in North EastEngland Recar plant citing poor trading conditions and a drop in world steel prices. This left only 450 workers out of 2150just to keep the plant up until better times. Tata also tried to survive by cutting its labour. Since the middle of 2015, itdismissed 3000 workers...

British Tata Steel Collapse What Happened?

Any firm, large or small, must generate profit. The only difference between them is that the former can sustain the losses forlonger. However, is a 2 billion pounds loss in five years enough to quit? For Tata Steel, it was and we cannot blame it forthis. The reasons for such decision listed by the firm were, among others, huge surplus of steel in the world market andhigh costs of its production in the UK.This is not the first British producer, which closed its steel mills. In September 2015, Sahaviriya Steel Industries UK, 100percent owned by Thailand’s largest steel producer, Sahaviriya Steel Industries PLC, stopped its production in North EastEngland Recar plant citing poor trading conditions and a drop in world steel prices. This left only 450 workers out of 2150just to keep the plant up until better times. Tata also tried to survive by cutting its labour. Since the middle of 2015, itdismissed 3000 workers...

Surface losses and self-pumping effects in a long Josephson junction - a semi-analytical approach

The flux-flow dynamics in a long Josephson junction is studied both analytically and numerically. A realistic model of the junction is considered by taking into account a nonuniform current distribution, surface losses and self-pumping effects. An approximate analytical solution of the modified sine-Gordon equation is derived in the form of a unidirectional dense fluxon train accompanied by two oppositely directed plasma waves. Next, some macroscopic time-averaged quantities are calculated making possible to evaluate the current-voltage characteristic of the junction. The results obtained by the present method are compared with direct numerical simulations both for the current-voltage characteristics and for the loss factor modulated spatially due to the self-pumping. The comparison shows very good agreement for typical junction parameters but indicates also some limitations of the method.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

SUBMARINE EVIDENCE OF THE LATE WEICHSELIAN MAXIMUM EXTENT AND THE LITTLE ICE AGE (LIA) GLACIER LIMITS IN THE ST. JONSFJORDEN REGION (SVALBARD)

The paper presents the results of bathymetric mapping of selected tidewater glaciers in the St. Jonsfjorden (Svalbard) between 2004 and 2007. We also used the bathymetric data collected by the Norwegian Hydrographic Service (NHS) as well as the shaded relief images based on them. The most clearly visible traces in submarine marginal zones of the glaciers come from the Little Ice Age (LIA), i.e. the cooling period which in the area of St. Jonsfjorden might have ended no later than about 1900. At the beginning of the 20th century, i.e. during a warm period, the glaciers of St. Jonsfjorden reached their maximums. The youngest traces in the seafloor of the fjord and the bays date from this period, similar to the case of the land marginal zones. In front of the cliff of the Dahl Glacier there is a clearly visible zone of submarine moraines. It finishes exactly along the line of the LIA maximum. The sea-floor relief of the fjord and bays shows traces which we interpret as having been formed during the Late Weichselian (13–10 ka B.P.). At that time, the Dahl Glacier advanced onto the northern part of Hermansenøya; its main stream passed to the north of the island. Simultaneously, the Konow-Osborne Glacier terminated 2 to 4 km from the fjord mouth, leaving about 15 km2 of the fjord ice-free.