Effects of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency in Lake Trout Alevins and Preventive Treatments

The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of thiamine immersion of fish from a population known for compromised survival as a result of early mortality syndrome (EMS) and to investigate the causeâ response relationship between thiamine concentration and lesions in tissues in swimâ upâ stage lake trout Salvelinus namaycush alevins. Lake trout eggs from 14 fish from Lake Michigan were artificially fertilized and the progeny divided into two groups based on the thiamine concentration (low (0.85 nmol/g)) in the unfertilized eggs. Progeny were treated or not with a thiamine solution (2,000 mg/L for 2 h) at hatching or the swimâ up stage. The survival of progeny in control groups at the swimâ up stage correlated with thiamine concentration. The low thiamineâ treated groups had significantly higher survival between the swimâ up stage (812.0 degreeâ days) and 16 d after swimâ up (963.3 degreeâ days) than the control groups; the survival of the high thiamineâ treated groups did not differ between treated and control fish, regardless of the treatment at hatching and the swimâ up stage. Control alevins that had low thiamine levels showed EMS, which resulted in 94.9â 100% mortality 16 d after the swimâ up stage. No pathological changes were observed in the brain, olfactory lobe, eye, liver, or muscle in alevins of high thiamineâ treated group. Glycogen deposits in the liver of alevins from the low control group were variable, no glycogen being observed in the hepatocytes of 7 of the 24 fish. We demonstrate that thiamine treatment at swimâ up enhances the survival of EMSâ affected lake trout relative to treatment at hatching.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141712/1/aah0290.pd

Emotion regulation strategies, narrative inclination and work performance

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie związków pomiędzy strategią regulacji emocji i inklinacją autonarracyjną, a efektywnością zawodową, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wyników przeprowadzonego badania korelacyjnego. Badaniem objęci zostali konsultanci call center, których zadania zawodowe wymagają sprawnego radzenia sobie z sytuacjami emocjonalnie trudnymi. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają przypuszczać, że tłumienie emocji wpływa negatywnie na poziom wykonywanych zadań.The present paper discusses some of the research fi ndings about relationships between emotion regulation strategies, narrative inclination and job performance. The article presents the data from the study conducted among call centre agents working in environment that involves high skills in coping with emotions. The data indicate a negative correlation between suppression and job performance

The Corrective Contexts of the Vocational Education of Convicts, Induction in the Convict the will to cooperate on modelling their socially desired demeanor

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki nauczania osadzonych w jednostkach penitencjarnych jako czynnika ich resocjalizacji, a także ukazanie potencjału i możliwości Służby Więziennej w kształceniu osób pozbawionych wolności. W dobie rosnących wymagań rynku pracy w zakresie poziomu wykształcenia nauczanie skazanych w jednostkach penitencjarnych jest nieodzowne i ma ogromne znaczenie. Bez wykształcenia, przygotowania zawodowego, rekwalifikacji zawodowej readaptacja osadzonych jest bardzo utrudniona. Gotowość do podjęcia aktywności w celu zdobycia nowych umiejętności pozwalających na utrzymanie zatrudnienia świadczy o pewnej elastyczności jednostki i jest pozytywnym prognostykiem readaptacji społecznej, co bezsprzecznie wpisuje się w cel wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności.The goal of the article is to illustrate the issue of educating convicts incarcerated in penitentiary units as the factor for their rehabilitation, and the potential and capacity of the Penitentiary Service in educating individuals deprived of liberty. In times of increasing demands in the area of the level of education that are present on the labor market, education of convicts in penitentiary units is indispensable and crucially important. Without proper education, vocational preparation, and professional requalification, the reintegration of convicts is strongly hindered. The readiness to take action in order to acquire new skills that would allow one to remain employed proves of certain flexibility of the individual, and at the same time is a positive prognostic of the social reintegration of the convict, being part of the purpose of the penalty of deprivation of liberty

IMIGRANCI Z AFRYKI W POLSCE PRZYCZYNEK DO ANALIZY CZYNNIKÓW BLOKUJĄCYCH ICH NAPŁYW I INTEGRACJĘ / IMMIGRANTS FROM AFRICA IN POLAND — A CONTRIBUTION TO ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS BLOCKING THEIR INFLUX AND INTEGRATION

The scale of foreign migration to Poland is continually growing. An increasing number of immigrants from Asia can be seen, although arrivals from the region of Sub- -Saharan Africa still constitute only a small percentage of the immigration flow. In order to research the causes of this disproportion, the authors have analysed the importance of push and pull factors using the example of Nigeria. Afterwards, in connection with such questions as relations with the receiving country, communication, climate, and migrant support systems, they evaluate the obstacles that could discourage the inhabitants of Sub-Saharan Africa from choosing Poland as their preferred country of immigration

IMMIGRANTS FROM AFRICA IN POLAND - A CONTRIBUTION TO ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS BLOCKING THEIR INFLUX AND INTEGRATION

The scale of foreign migration to Poland is continually growing. An increasing number of immigrants from Asia can be seen, although arrivals from the region of Sub- -Saharan Africa still constitute only a small percentage of the immigration flow. In order to research the causes of this disproportion, the authors have analysed the importance of push and pull factors using the example of Nigeria. Afterwards, in connection with such questions as relations with the receiving country, communication, climate, and migrant support systems, they evaluate the obstacles that could discourage the inhabitants of Sub-Saharan Africa from choosing Poland as their preferred country of immigration

Does a fish with lungs exist? Morphological and physiological adaptations to aquatic hypoxia and hyperoxia

Dissolved oxygen is one of the most important environmental factors affecting survival of fishes that rely on aquatic respiration. Fishes face an ever changing availability of environmental oxygen, resulting for instance from the dynamics of temperature changes, surface agitation, primary production by plants and algae, and oxygen consumption by plants, animals as well as chemical processes. In natural fish environment the oxygen levels exhibit a daily cycle, depletion (consumption) during the night, and production of oxygen that might lead to supersaturation levels of up to 300% during the day. At the organismal level, the lack of sufficient oxygen in environment (hypoxia) and oxygen oversaturation (hyperoxia), will result in the reaction of chemoreceptors, the respiratory response in brain, as well as in general metabolism, growth, behavior, and important morphological adaptations. In water-breathing teleost fish hypoxia induces hyperventilation, bradycardia, and results in an elevation in gill vasculatory resistance. The phenomenon of changes in the gill structure in Carassius carassius has been also described, which included lack of protruding secondary lamellae in normoxia due to complete embedding in intralamellar cell mass (ILCM). In hypoxic water a large reduction in ILCM occurred, making the lamellae to protrude and increasing the respiratory surface by about 7.5 fold. These morphological changes were found to be reversible and apparently caused by an increased apoptosis combined with reduced cell proliferation. Although, this seemed to be a plausible explanation, further studies did not unequivocally associate ILCM with normoxic conditions. Fish have also been found to adapt to extreme hypoxia or anoxia by employing alternate metabolic pathways for anaerobic energy production. Members of the genus Carassius are the only vertebrates that are known to produce energy by fermentation of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide. All physiological responses to hypoxia, and probably to hyperoxia, arise principally from peripheral chemoreceptors located in the gills (neuroepithelial cells, NECs). Additionally, hypoxia induced factor HIF-1α is a key transcription factor in mediating various responses to low level of oxygen. Chronic or repeated challenges elicit responses that further modify the respiratory phenotype in ways that improve and regulate oxygenation in tissues. Aquatic hypoxia has been cited as the primary driving force in the evolution of air breathing in fish. The fish from order Semionotiformes (garfishes) and Polypteriformes (Polypterus senegalus) use respiratory gas bladder (RGB) and lungs, respectively, to acquire atmospheric oxygen. These organs may confer a high degree of independence from water quality to achieve the metabolic scope for activity and the ability to recover from hypoxia. Thus, the air-breathing fish, may not only survive aquatic hypoxia but may also maintain normal levels of activity when branchial O2 uptake is limited. The evolutionary transition to air breathing has been accompanied by biochemical and morphological modifications of respiratory structures as well as altered ventilatory regulation. However, there is clearly an ontogenic aspect to this transition from unimodal gill and/or body surface respiration to bimodal, water and air respiration

Sustainable Energy Management: Are Tourism SMEs in the South Baltic Region ready?

As a key aspect of tourism competitiveness, sustainability plays an important role in profiling Europe as a tourism destination in key source markets. As in any other region, comprehensive engagement of key stakeholders plays an essential component in developing Europe as a sustainable tourist destination. This type of engagement requires a cross-border collaboration to establish a common region identity as a means of managing complex processes of globalization. The initial requirement for such an interaction is to identify appropriate relevant stakeholders for European sustainable tourism and to facilitate cross-border dialogue and interactions. In the field of energy, it is important to take into consideration energy sustainability and energy efficiency. Energy effectiveness can be described as the interaction between energy produced and energy induced/invested. Sustainable energy can be assessed from the perspective of consumption/production or the impact it has on the environment and society. This study focuses on sustainable energy management in the Polish coastal area, which is a part of the South Baltic region. The region has exceptional potential for becoming a forerunner in achieving sustainable tourism goals of the EU. Utilizing the “sustainable energy theory”, the purpose of this research is to examine energy management problems with regard to sustainable development for Polish tourism SMEs in the South Baltic region

Aquaculture Research and Development as an Entry-Point and Contributor to Natural Resources and Coastal Management

Recent, fervent international dialogue concerning the existence and magnitude of impacts associated with aquaculture has had both positive and negative outcomes. Aquaculture stakeholders have become sensitized to requirements for improved environmental management of aquaculture. on the other hand, in some cases aquaculture development has been negatively affected by some of the unwarranted and unproved allegations to the detriment of the stakeholders most in need of aquaculture development (i.e., resource users, particularly the poor, who are dependent on natural resources). These resource users are targeted by, and directly influence biodiversity and conservation agendas; hence the need to understand how to gain their active participation. This discussion focuses on examples of how aquaculture research and development can be a useful tool or strategy for resource management initiatives and provide tangible positive including increased stakeholder participation and cooperation, offering alternatives to resource extraction and use in otherwise difficult or intransigent resource management conflicts