Evaluarea retrospectivă a conţinutului de plumb în factorii de mediu și produsele alimentare.

Articolul prezintă o evaluare a datelor de laborator privind conținutul de compuși ai plumbului în mediu (aer, sol, apă) și produsele alimentare. Analiza rezultatelor de cercetare denotă faptul existenței unei probleme actuale de sănătate publică cauzată de poluarea mediului prin compușii de plumb. Evaluarea expunerii organismului uman la compușii plumbului prin monitorizarea continuă a substratelor biologice ale organismului uman constituie una din sarcinile actuale ale cercetărilor viitoare în domeniul estimării concentrației de plum

Hygienic assessment of lead content in the environmental media and possibilities to reduce the associated risk on human health

Academy of Science, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu” Chisinau, Republic of MoldovaIntroduction: Human health and chemical safety are key elements in the socioeconomic development of the country. Research conducted in the past in the Republic of Moldova regarding the environmental pollution with chemicals shows the importance of studying their continuity and to elucidate the impact on human health. Lead is one o f the major pollutants of the environment due to its cumulative toxic effects and of which the concentration increased alarmingly recent decades. Lead is considered the pollutant number one, due to large number of poisoning. Purpose and objectives: Hygienic assessment of lead content in the environmental media in Moldova and developing measures to minimize the negative impacts on human health. Materials and methods: The project is based on using the methods of laboratory investigation hygienic and instrumental (determination of lead content in soil, atmospheric air, biological substrates), statistical methods. Results: Lead is used by people for hundreds of years, but no one thought about the possible consequences of lead exposure. In the twentieth century have expanded the scope and quantity of lead production. Most of the lead detected in food, water, soil and dust are of anthropogenic origin, but not natural. The main source of lead in the environment is water, due to use of lead pipes, lead based paints. The most important mobile sources of lead in ambient air in countries where leaded petrol is used, are vehicles. Sources of lead pollution are emissions from road, rail and sea transport, lead in paints, cosmetics, traditional medicines, lead in construction materials and use of lead acid batteries. After statistical data in Moldova are used annually about 5,000 tons of fuel with aditive lead tetraethyl. According to official statistics of the World Health Organization 25 % of the overall population morbidity are due to the influence of chemicals. Human exposure to lead is estimated at 143 000 deaths each year and 0.6 % of the global burden of disease. Lead is a toxic that affects many body systems, including neurological, hematological, immunological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal systems. Child exposed to lead is estimated to contribute to about 600 000 new cases of children with intellectual disabilities each year. The concentration of lead in blood is an informative biomarkers for exposure assessment of lead on humans. The most susceptible are children of early age, especially in its central nervous system is affected, manifesting itself by reducing intellectual capacity and behavioral disorders. Adverse effects in this group occurs when the lead content in the blood is less than 200 mkg / 1 Conclusions: Test results of environmental pollution with lead in the surveillance activity wear only an informational components description. Research conducted in the past in the Republic of Moldova in environmental pollution with chemicals shows the importance of studying their continuity and to elucidate the impact on human health

Содержание свинца в окружающей среде и возможное воздействие на здоровье населения Республики Молдова

Laboratorul științific Pericole Chimice și Toxicologie, Centrul Național de Sănătate PublicăLiterature data on the content of lead compounds in the environmental factors (soil, water, air) and biological substrates. The estimation of provided information shows that the national normative and methodical acts, as the scientific literature lacks data on comprehensive assessment of environmental and human biological substares pollution with lead compounds, as well as preventive measures to reduce the impact of heavy metals on human health. At the same time there are multiple premises regarding the presence of extensive areas with high lead content in the soil, which presents hazard for human health.Статья представляет собой обзор данных научной литературы по содержанию соединений свинца в объектах окружающей среды (почва, вода, воздух) и биологических средах. Анализ информации показал, что в национальных методических и нормативных актах и в научной литературе отсутствует в настоящее время комплексная оценка загрязнения окружающей среды и биосред человека соединениями свинца, а также профилактические меры по снижению воздействия данного тяжелого металла на организм человека. В то же время есть несколько оснований на наличие обширных помещений с высоким содержанием свинца в почве, что опасно для здоровья

Содержание свинца в объектах окружающей среды и обоснование перспективы дальнейшего изучения

Centrul Naţional de Sănătate Publică, Conferinţa știinţifico-practică naţională cu participare internaţională Sănătatea ocupaţională: probleme și realizări prima ediţie 5-7 iunie 2014This article presents the results of determination of lead concentration in environmental factors: soil, precipitants, sediments, road surfaces. It is prospected the perspective of furtherstudying the contentof that heavy metalin order todevelop measures to reducethe negative impacton public health.В статье представлены результаты определения содержания свинца в объектах окружающей среды: почве, осадках, дорожных покрытиях. Обоснована перспектива дальнейшего изучения содержания данного тяжелого металла с целью разработки мер по снижению негативного воздействия на здоровье населения

Concentraţiile reale de plumb în factorii de mediu şi argumentarea perspectivei de studiere în Republica Moldova

În acest articol sunt prezentate rezultatele determinării concentraţiei de plumb în obiectele mediului înconjurător: sol, precipitaţii, sedimente, carosabilul drumurilor. Este argumentată perspectiva studierii aprofundate şi continue a conţinutului de plumb cu scopul de a elabora măsuri de diminuare a impactului nefast asupra populaţiei

Предварительная оценка экспозиции населения Республики Молдова к соединениям свинца

Centrul Naţional de Sanătate Publică, Prima Conferință științifico-practică națională cu participare internațională ”Siguranţa chimică și toxicologia la confluenţa dintre domenii” 24-25 noiembrie 2016 Chișinău, Republica MoldovaThis paper is a preliminary investigation of lead exposure of working age population living in Chisinau. The obtained results allow establishing an interrelation between the lead level in soil samples and their concentration in biological substrates of human body. It was elucidated a need to organize prevention lead accumulation measures especially for children.В статье представлены результаты предварительного изучения экспозиции населения трудоспособного возраста мун. Кишинэу к соединениями свинца. Полученные результаты позволяют установить взаимосвязь между уровнем загрязнения почвы соединениями свинца и их присутствием в биологических субстратах организма человека. Обсуждается необходимость организации мер по предотвращению накопления свинца в организме, особенно у детей

Оценка уровеней накопления некоторых тяжелых металлов в волосах у жителей г. Кишинэу

Centrul de Sănătate Publică Chişinău, Centrul Naţional de Sănătate Publică, Conferința științifico-practică cu participare internațională Centrul de Sănătate Publică din municipiul Chișinău – 70 de ani la straja sănătăţii 23 octombrie 2014250 people were investigated contents of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in the hair. Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the hair did not exceed the recommended limits. Cu and Zn were evaluated also as micronutrients necessary for the body. The cadmium in hair samples was detected in 1.3%, Pb in 28.1% of the total investigated people. The Pb in hair was detected in 43.14% male, 36.96% children and 3.75% women. Signs of failure of copper were found in women and children, and Zn in men. 5% of women and 6.5% of children investigated with the amount of copper in hair was below the limit of 7.5 mcg/g. Zinc concentrations below the minimum (<100 mcg/g) was detected in 8.8% of men, 10.0% of women and 28.3% of children. 4.3% children found a body in zinc overload, concentration detected in hair exceeded the 250 mcg/g, which may occur in case of chronic poisoning. The study made it possible to obtain, for the fi rst time, information of heavy metals concentration in the hair from inhabitants of the Chisinau city.250 человек были исследованы на содержание Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn в волосах. Концентрации свинца и кадмия в волосах не превышали максимально допустимые уровни. Cu и Zn были оценены, также, и как микроэлементы, необходимые для организма. Наличие кадмия в образцах волос были обнаружены в 1,3%, Pb – в 28,1% от обследованных. Pb в волосах был обнаружен у 43.14% мужчин, 36,96% женщин и 3,75% детей. Признаки недостаточности меди были обнаружены у женщин и детей, а цинка – и у мужчин. У 5% женщин и 6,5% детей из обследованных концентрация меди в волосах была ниже предела 7,5 мкг/г. Концентрация цинка ниже рекомендованного минимума (<100 мкг/г) была обнаружена у 8,8% мужчин, 10,0% женщин и 28,3% детей. У 4.3% детей концентрация цинка в волосах превысила 250 мкг/г, что может произойти в случае хронического отравления. Исследование позволило получить, в первый раз, информацию о концентрации тяжелых металлов в волосах у жителей Кишинева

Aspecte toxicologice ale fertilizanţilor de producere autohtonă

Au fost evaluaţi principalii indicatori toxicologici ai fertilizantului SPORFLOR în experimentul de toxicitate orală cronică la rozătoare. A fost stabilită acţiunea diferitor doze ale produsului studiat asupra organismului animalelor de laborator, fiind constatate schimbări metabolice nespecifice, asociate cu modificarea sistemului de adaptare a organismului animalelor de laborato

Evaluarea conţinutului de plumb în solurile Republicii Moldova

Articolul prezintă o evaluare a datelor de laborator privind conţinutul plumbului în solurile Republicii Moldova Analiza rezultatelor obţinute denotă faptul existenţei unei probleme actuale de sănătate publică, cauzată de poluarea mediului cu compuşii plumbului. Poluarea solului cu plumb prezintă o problemă stringentă de sănătate publică determinată de expunerea populaţiei la poluanţii în cauză

Evaluarea indicilor proceselor metabolice de bază pe şobolani la acţiune subcronică a produsului de uz fitosanitar Cuprocsan 345 SC

A fost efectuată evaluarea parametrilor biochimici ai principalelor procese metabolice la şobolani albi, supuşi intoxicaţiei subcronice cu produsul de uz fitosanitar – Cuprocsan 345 SC. La acţiunea diferitor doze ale produsului studiat, în organismul animalelor de laborator au loc modificări metabolice, care se manifestă prin devieri neimportante ale activităţii enzimelor (ALT, AST, fosfatază alcalină) şi indicilor schimbului proteic, glucidic şi lipidi