Ucząc, czym są zrównoważony rozwój i sprawiedliwy handel

Ucząc, czym są zrównoważony rozwój i sprawiedliwy hande

Znaczenie kliniczne migotania przedsionków prowokowanego podczas stymulacji przezprzełykowej

Wstęp: U części pacjentów bez udokumentowanych spontanicznych zaburzeń rytmu w trakcie wykonywania przezprzełykowej stymulacji przedsionków (TAS, transesophageal atrial stimulation) można sprowokować migotanie przedsionków (AF, atrial fibrillation). Celem badania było ustalenie, czy pacjenci ci różnią się pod względem wybranych parametrów od grupy, w której nie sprowokowano AF. Materiał i metody: Badanie objęło 68 chorych, których podzielono na 2 grupy: I - ze sprowokowanym AF i II - w której arytmia nie wystąpiła. U pacjentów wykonano TAS, standardowe zapisy EKG, rejestrację EKG metodą Holtera oraz badanie echokardiograficzne. Wyniki: Wyniki wskazują na znamienne różnice automatyzmu węzła zatokowego, przewodzenia zatokowo-przedsionkowego i śródprzedsionkowego, czasu refrakcji lewego przedsionka, maksymalnej i średniej częstości rytmu zatokowego, częstości ekstrasystolii nadkomorowych oraz wymiaru i wskaźnika lewego przedsionka. Pozostałe parametry nie wykazały różnic istotnych statystycznie. Wnioski: Migotanie przedsionków prowokowane podczas TAS identyfikuje pacjentów z zaburzeniami automatyzmu węzła zatokowego, upośledzonym przewodzeniem zatokowo-przedsionkowym i przewodzeniem śródprzedsionkowym, a także charakteryzuje chorych z długim okresem refrakcji lewego przedsionka. Pacjenci, u których sprowokowano AF mają znamiennie wyższą maksymalną i średnią częstość rytmu zatokowego, a także częściej występuje u nich ekstrasystolia nadkomorowa. Chorzy ci różnią się od grupy kontrolnej większym wymiarem lewego przedsionka i częstszym występowaniem w EKG zaburzeń depolaryzacji przedsionków, więc należy ich systematycznie kontrolować pod kątem występowania napadów AF w przyszłości

Additive drug-specific and sex-specific risks associated with co-use of marijuana and tobacco during pregnancy: Evidence from 3 recent developmental cohorts (2003-2015).

BACKGROUND: Methodologic challenges related to the concomitant use (co-use) of substances and changes in policy and potency of marijuana contribute to ongoing uncertainty about risks to fetal neurodevelopment associated with prenatal marijuana use. In this study, we examined two biomarkers of fetal neurodevelopmental risk-birth weight and length of gestation-associated with prenatal marijuana use, independent of tobacco (TOB), alcohol (ALC), other drug use (OTH), and socioeconomic risk (SES), in a pooled sample (N = 1191) derived from 3 recent developmental cohorts (2003-2015) with state-of-the-art substance use measures. We examined differential associations by infant sex, and multiplicative effects associated with co-use of MJ and TOB. METHODS: Participants were mother-infant dyads with complete data on all study variables derived from Growing Up Healthy (n = 251), Behavior and Mood in Babies and Mothers (Cohorts 1 and 2; n = 315), and the Early Growth and Development Study (N = 625). We estimated direct effects on birth weight and length of gestation associated with MJ, TOB, and co-use (MJ x TOB), using linear regression analysis in the full sample, and in male (n = 654) and female (n = 537) infants, separately. RESULTS: Mean birth weight and length of gestation were 3277 g (SD = 543) and 37.8 weeks (SD = 2.0), respectively. Rates of prenatal use were as follows: any use, n = 748 (62.8%); MJ use, n = 273 (22.9%); TOB use, n = 608 (51.0%); co-use of MJ and TOB, n = 230 (19.3%); ALC use, n = 464 (39.0%); and OTH use n = 115 (9.7%.) For all infants, unique effects on birth weight were observed for any MJ use [B(SE) = -84.367(38.271), 95% C.I. -159.453 to -9.281, p = .028], any TOB use [B(SE) = -0.99.416(34.418), 95% C.I. -166.942 to -31.889, p = .004], and each cigarette/day in mean TOB use [B(SE) = -12.233(3.427), 95% C.I. -18.995 to -5.510, p \u3c .001]. Additional effects of co-use on birth weight, beyond these drug-specific effects, were not supported. In analyses stratified by sex, while TOB use was associated with lower birth weight in both sexes, MJ use during pregnancy was associated with lower birth weight of male infants [B(SE) = -153.1 (54.20); 95% C.I. -259.5 to -46.7, p = .005], but not female infants [B(SE) = 8.3(53.1), 95% C.I. -96.024 to 112.551, p = .876]. TOB, MJ, and their co-use were not associated with length of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, intrauterine co-exposure to MJ and TOB was associated with an estimated 18% reduction in birth weight not attributable to earlier delivery, exposure to ALC or OTH drugs, nor to maternal SES. We found evidence for greater susceptibility of male fetuses to any prenatal MJ exposure. Examination of dose-dependence in relationships found in this study, using continuous measures of exposure, is an important next step. Finally, we underscore the need to consider (a) the potential moderating influence of fetal sex on exposure-related neurodevelopmental risks; and (b) the importance of quantifying expressions of risk through subtle alterations, rather than dichotomous outcomes

An impact of frequency on capacitances of partially-depleted SOI MOSFETs, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2000, nr 3,4

A non-quasi-static model of partially-depleted SOI MOSFETs is presented. Phenomena, which are particularly responsible for dependence of device admittances on frequency are briefly described. Several C-V characteristics of the SOI MOSFET calculated for a wide range of frequencies, preliminary results of numerical analysis and of measurements and brief analysis of the results are presented. Methods of model improvement are proposed

Epigenetic dysregulation of enhancers in neurons is associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and cognitive symptoms

Epigenetic control of enhancers alters neuronal functions and may be involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we identify enhancers in neurons contributing to AD by comprehensive fine-mapping of DNA methylation at enhancers, genome-wide. We examine 1.2 million CpG and CpH sites in enhancers in prefrontal cortex neurons of individuals with no/mild, moderate, and severe AD pathology (n = 101). We identify 1224 differentially methylated enhancer regions; most of which are hypomethylated at CpH sites in AD neurons. CpH methylation losses occur in normal aging neurons, but are accelerated in AD. Integration of epigenetic and transcriptomic data demonstrates a pro-apoptotic reactivation of the cell cycle in post-mitotic AD neurons. Furthermore, AD neurons have a large cluster of significantly hypomethylated enhancers in the DSCAML1 gene that targets BACE1. Hypomethylation of these enhancers in AD is associated with an upregulation of BACE1 transcripts and an increase in amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive decline

Standardization of the compact model coding: non-fully depleted SOI MOSFET example, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2005, nr 1

The initiative to standardize compact (SPICE-like) modelling has recently gained momentum in the semiconductor industry. Some of the important issues of the compact modelling must be addressed, such as accuracy, testing, availability, version control, verification and validation. Most compact models developed in the past did not account for these key issues which are of highest importance when introducing a new compact model to the semiconductor industry in particular going beyond the ITRS roadmap technological 100 nm node. An important application for non-fully depleted SOI technology is high performance microprocessors, other high speed logic chips, as well as analogue RF circuits. The IC design process requires a compact model that describes in detail the electrical characteristics of SOI MOSFET transistors. In this paper a non-fully depleted SOI MOSFET model and its Verilog-AMS description will be presented

An impact of physical phenomena on admittances of partially-depleted SOI MOSFETs, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2001, nr 1

An influence of the selected physical phenomena: impact ionization in silicon and time variation of internal electric field distribution in partially-depleted (PD) SOI MOSFETs on several C-V characteristics of these devices is presented. The role of avalanche multiplication in the socalled „pinch-off” region is discussed in a more detailed way. The analysis is done using a numerical solver of drift-diffusion equations in silicon devices and using an analytical model of the PD SOI MOSFETs. The calculations results exhibit the significance of proper modelling of the phenomena in the floating body area of these devices

A model of partially-depleted SOI MOSFETs in the subthreshold range, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2001, nr 1

A steady-state model of partially-depleted (PD) SOI MOSFETs I-V characteristics in subthreshold range is presented. Phenomena, which must be accounted for in current continuity equation, which is a key equation of the PD SOI MOSFETs model are summarized. A model of diffusionbased conduction in a weakly-inverted channel is described. This model takes into account channel length modulation, drift of carriers in the „pinch-off” region and avalanche multiplication triggered by these carriers. Characteristics of the presented model are shown and briefly discussed