These Problems Sound Familiar to Me: Previous Exposure, Cognitive Reflection Test, and the Moderating Role of Analytic Thinking

One of the current topics in research on the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is its growing familiarity among the general public. Surprisingly, Bialek and Pennycook (2017) showed that previous exposure does not diminish the CRT’s predictive power in Heuristics and Biases (H&B) tasks, but proposed that the relationship is moderated by analytic thinking, a conjecture tested in the present study. Participants (N = 365) filled in the CRT, Need for Cognition (NFC) scale, and a battery of H&B problems. While the CRT did retain its predictive power in the H&B performance, regardless of participants’ self-reported thinking dispositions and exposure, both of these factors moderated the relationship, such that exposure increased CRT’s predictive power in H&B tasks, albeit only among high-NFC individuals. Present results converge with studies showing that prior exposure does not invalidate the use of CRT, while offering some novel evidence for the metacognitive disadvantage account proposed by Bialek and Pennycook (2017)

Individuálne reprezentácie lásky mladých ľudí na Slovensku a v Českej republike

Objectives. The investigation of love has produced several psychological concepts and theories. In addition to general signs of love, several cross-cultural differences were also identified. The aim of the study was to verify the previously created 5-factor model of love, which was created on the basis of individual representations of love of young people in Slovakia, and to find out whether this model is also valid in a cross-cultural Czech-Slovak comparison. Sample and procedure. The research was conducted on a sample of 397 respondents from the Slovak Republic (M=23.1, SD=2.54, men=115; women=282) and 441 respondents from the Czech Republic (M=21, 5, SD=2.15; men=107; women=334) who were aged 18–29. The research was focused on this age cohort due to the fact that for this period of the so-called emerging adulthood is important to explore in the area of relationships and love. Methods. Quantitative methodology was used in the research, the research was carried out with the help of an electronically administered ques-tionnaire. In the questionnaire, a previously ver-ified scale of Individual representations of love was used. In the questionnaire were included questions concerning selected characteristics of partner relationships and demographic data analyses. The data were processed by confirmatory factor analysis separately for the Czech and Slovak samples, further by correlation analyses and linear regression analysis, which showed relationships with other variables. Results. The results showed in both countries 5 factors of individual representations of love: 1. physical love, commitment, building and searching, 2. spiritual love, 3. power and positive benefits of love, 4. the opposite side of love and 5. biological and self-centred love. Age and strength of religious faith shawed to be predic-tors of individual factors. Limits. Since the research was not conducted on a representative sample and it mostly consisted of female university students, the possibilities of generalization are limited. This quantitative research also worked with a selected limited number of meanings of love.Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV, VEGA, (1/0426/18, APVV 18-0303

Jakub Šrol's Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity

Reasoning vs. prior beliefs: The case of COVID-19 fake news

We survey a large representative sample of the Slovak population to examine the role of analytic thinking, scientific reasoning, conspiracy mentality, and conspiracy beliefs in trust in COVID-19 fake news and willingness to share it. We find that the ability to distinguish between fake and real news about COVID-19 is significantly negatively correlated with conspiracy mentality and with beliefs in pandemic-related conspiracy theories. Analytic thinking is not a significant predictor. Although fake news is generally less likely to be trusted and shared than real news, when fake news is consistent with preexisting opinions, people are more willing to share it compared to belief-consistent real news. We also find that people are mostly overconfident in their ability to distinguish between fake and real news and we identify a sub-population of people that refuse to get vaccinated who trust fake COVID-19 news significantly more than real news. Thus, consistency with one’s beliefs is the best indicator of trust in fake news and willingness to share such news

Why people overestimate their bullshit detection abilities: Interplay of cognitive factors, self-esteem, and dark traits

The main aim of this paper was to examine overconfidence in the domain of bullshit detection and the contributing factors that explain why some people have the blind spot about their own incompetence. To verify whether people's lack of metacognitive awareness of their bullshit detection abilities is the result of self-enhancement motivation, we exposed one group of participants to a self-esteem threat scenario (by providing them with negative feedback on their cognitive abilities, i.e. intelligence) and compared it with two control groups (no feedback and positive feedback). The sample consisted of 596 adult Slovaks (47.1 % of women) aged 18 to 70 (M = 43.92, SD = 14.11). However, our manipulation had an effect only on overplacement. Bullshit detection predicted both overestimation and overplacement. Overconfidence was slightly associated with worse cognitive abilities (the relationship was mediated by bullshit detection ability) and higher self-esteem, but no relationships with dark traits were found. This finding is yet another evidence of the double curse of the Dunning-Kruger effect, i.e. the lack of comprehension of people´s own cognitive limitations