Looking beyond the bridge: How temporary agency employment affects labor market outcomes

"We perform a comprehensive analysis of the stepping-stone effect of temporary agency employment on unemployed workers. Using the timing-of-events approach, we not only investigate whether agency employment is a bridge into regular em-ployment but also analyze its effect on post-unemployment wages and job stability for unemployed Danish workers. We find evidence of large positive treatment effects, particularly for immigrants. There is also some indication that higher treatment intensity increases the likelihood of leaving unemployment for regular jobs. Our results show that agency employment is even more effective in tight labor markets, where firms use agency employment primarily to screen potential candidates for permanent posts. Finally, our results suggest that agency employment may improve subsequent match quality in terms of wages and job duration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Leiharbeit - Auswirkungen, Arbeitslose, berufliche Reintegration, beruflicher Verbleib, Arbeitsmarktchancen, Beschäftigungseffekte, Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer, Lohnhöhe, Dänemark, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Looking Beyond the Bridge: How Temporary Agency Employment Affects Labor Market Outcomes

We perform a comprehensive analysis of the stepping-stone effect of temporary agency employment on unemployed workers. Using the timing-of-events approach, we not only investigate whether agency employment is a bridge into regular employment but also analyze its effect on post-unemployment wages and job stability for unemployed Danish workers. We find evidence of large positive treatment effects, particularly for immigrants. There is also some indication that higher treatment intensity increases the likelihood of leaving unemployment for regular jobs. Our results show that agency employment is even more effective in tight labor markets, where firms use agency employment primarily to screen potential candidates for permanent posts. Finally, our results suggest that agency employment may improve subsequent match quality in terms of wages and job duration.temporary agency employment; stepping stone; employment stability; wages

Looking Beyond the Bridge: How Temporary Agency Employment Affects Labor Market Outcomes

We perform a comprehensive analysis of the stepping-stone effect of temporary agency employment on unemployed workers. Using the timing-of-events approach, we not only investigate whether agency employment is a bridge into regular employment but also analyze its effect on post-unemployment wages and job stability for unemployed Danish workers. We find evidence of large positive treatment effects, particularly for immigrants. There is also some indication that higher treatment intensity increases the likelihood of leaving unemployment for regular jobs. Our results show that agency employment is even more effective in tight labor markets, where firms use agency employment primarily to screen potential candidates for permanent posts. Finally, our results suggest that agency employment may improve subsequent match quality in terms of wages and job duration.temporary agency employment, stepping stone, employment stability, wages

Characterization of population heterogeneity in a model biotechnological process using Pseudomonas putida

Biotechnological processes are distinguished from classical chemistry by employing bio-molecules or whole cells as the catalytic element, providing unique reaction mechanisms with unsurpassed specificity. Whole cells are the most versatile \''factories\'' for natural or non-natural products, however, the conversion of e.g. hydrophobic substrates can quickly become cytotoxic. One host organism with the potential to handle such conditions is the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas putida, which distinguishes itself by solvent tolerance, metabolic flexibility, and genetic amenability. However, whole cell bioconversions are highly complex processes. A typical bottleneck compared to classical chemistry is lower yield and reproducibility owing to cell-to-cell variability. The intention of this work was therefore to characterize a model producer strain of P. putida KT2440 on the single cell level to identify non-productive or impaired subpopulations. Flow cytometry was used in this work to discriminate subpopulations regarding DNA content or productivity, and further mass spectrometry or digital PCR was employed to reveal differences in protein composition or plasmid copy number. Remarkably, productivity of the population was generally bimodally distributed comprising low and highly producing cells. When these two subpopulations were analyzed by mass spectrometry, only few metabolic changes but fundamental differences in stress related proteins were found. As the source for heterogeneity remained elusive, it was hypothesized that cell cycle state may be related to production capacity of the cells. However, subpopulations of one, two, or higher fold DNA content were virtually identical providing no clear hints for regulatory differences. On the quest for heterogeneity the loss of genetic information came into focus. A new work flow using digital PCR was created to determine the absolute number of DNA copies per cell and, finally, lack of expression could be attributed to loss of plasmid in non-producing cells. The average plasmid copy number was shown to be much lower than expected (1 instead of 10-20). In conclusion, this work established techniques for the quantification of proteins and DNA in sorted subpopulations, and by these means provided a highly detailed picture of heterogeneity in a microbial population

The risks of multiple breadbasket failures in the 21st century: a science research agenda

Thomson ReutersThis report stems from an international, interdisciplinary workshop organized by Knowledge Systems for Sustainability and hosted by the Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future, with support from Thomson Reuters, in November 2014.Written by an interdisciplinary team of leading researchers, this report describes a science research agenda toward improved probabilistic modeling and prediction of multiple breadbasket failures and the potential consequences for global food systems. The authors highlight gaps in the existing empirical foundation and analytical capabilities and offer general approaches to address these gaps. They also suggest the need to fuse diverse data sources, recent observations, and new suites of dynamic models capable of connecting agricultural outcomes to elements of the global food system. The goal of these efforts is to provide better information concerning potential systemic risks to breadbaskets in various regions of the world to inform policies and decisions that have the potential for global impacts

A Very Strong Enhancer Is Located Upstream of an Immediate Early Gene of Human Cytomegalovirus

A strong transcription enhancer was identified in the genomic DNA (235 kb) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous and severe pathogen of the herpesvirus group. Cotransfection of enhancerless SV40 DNA with randomly fragmented HCMV DNA yielded two SV40-HCMV recombinant viruses that had incorporated overlapping segments of HCMV DNA to substitute for the missing SV40 enhancer. Within HCMV, these enhancer sequences are located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the major immediate-early gene, between nucleotides -118 and −524. Deletion studies with the HCMV enhancer, which harbors a variety of repeated sequence motifs, show that different subsets of this enhancer can substitute for the SV40 enhancer. The HCMV enhancer, which seems to have little cell type or species preference, is severalfold more active than the SV40 enhancer. It is the strongest enhancer we have analyzed so far, a property that makes it a useful component of eukaryotic expression vectors

Advances in compact semiconductor device modelling and circuit macromodelling with the Qucs GPL circuit simulator

Advances in circuit simulation technology suggest a strong movement towards software packages which promote equation based compact semiconductor device model and circuit macromodel development. The Verilog-A subset of the Verilog- AMS hardware description language being a popular choice of hardware description language for model construction. The Qucs circuit simulator is one of the GPL software packages supporting the MOS-AK Verilog-A standardisation initiative. This paper outlines recent advances in Qucs equation based modelling techniques, including (1) Qucs equation defined device/Verilog-A compatibility improvements, (2) non-linear radio frequency equation defined device modelling techniques, (3) modelling non-linear physical processes, and (4) methods for construction Verilog-A models for established and new technologies. The paper also presents a number of examples which illustrate the capabilities of the Qucs model construction tools implemented by the Qucs development team