La diversité des aménagements fonciers dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent au XVIIIe siècle

À partir des aveux et dénombrements de la période 1723-1745, l'élude de l'occupation du sol dans la vallée du Saint- Laurent au XVlllème siècle révèle une considérable diversité de structures agraires et d'aménagements fonciers. Une analyse étendue conduite au ras du sol indique que les découpages fonciers, au niveau de leur spatialisation, de leurs dimensions, des superficies aménagées ou des modes d'aménagement, ne composent pas une réalité au sol simple et uniforme. On ne peut donc plus retenir d'explication passe-partout pour comprendre le paysage rural laurentien du XVlllème siècle. Les disparités rencontrées, loin d'être synonymes d'incohérences, demandent plutôt qu'on s'attache davantage aux sensibilités des habitants à leur environnement et aux choix qui en découlent, de manière à cerner les régulations de l'espace habité à cette époque.From the “aveux et dénombrements” produced between 1723 and 1745, the study of land occupation in the valley of the Saint Lawrence during the eighteenth century reveals a considerable diversity in agrarian structures and land development. An exhaustive analysis shows that land settlement — in terms of spacial distribution, dimensions, intensities of use, and modes of development — does not add up to a simple and uniform reality. There can be no all-encompassing explanation for the nature of the Laurenlian rural landscape in the eighteenth century. Far from being incoherent, the observed variety requires us to examine the different choices as a reflection of the habitants' sensibilities to their environment, with the objective of defining more clearly the pattern of land settlement of that period

Espaces-temps familiaux au Canada aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles

À l'aide d'études de cas, cet ouvrage, issu d'un séminaire de Maîtrise, aborde la problématique des espaces-temps familiaux. Il contribue à éclairer la reproduction des structures familiales et des dynamiques sociales au fil du temps.Cet ouvrage est réalisé grâce au soutien financier du FCAR et du CRSH.Introduction. Texte de Jacques Mathieu, p. 1; Les exigences du salut: balises du discours de l'Église sur la famille en Nouvelle-France (1660-1760). Texte de Jacinthe Ruel, p. 5; Quand rien ne va plus: de l'idéal de l'État en Nouvelle-France à la réalité des séparations: la conception de l'État. Texte d'Isabelle Rodrigue, p. 25; Établir ses enfants au XVIIe siècle: Éléonore de Grandmaison (1619-1692) et sa descendance. Texte de Claire Gourdeau, p. 45; La succession de Louis Bélanger, seigneur de Bonsecours (1724-1741). Texte de Tommy Guénard, p. 69; Conclusion. Texte de Louis Michel, p. 8

Le FORUM, Vol. 35 No. 3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1031/thumbnail.jp

The clinical application of genome-wide sequencing for monogenic diseases in Canada: Position statement of the Canadian College of medical geneticists

Purpose and scope: The aim of this Position Statement is to provide recommendations for Canadian medical geneticists, clinical laboratory geneticists, genetic counsellors and other physicians regarding the use of genome-wide sequencing of germline DNA in the context of clinical genetic diagnosis. This statement has been developed to facilitate the clinical translation and development of best practices for clinical genome-wide sequencing for genetic diagnosis of monogenic diseases in Canada; it does not address the clinical application of this technology in other fields such as molecular investigation of cancer or for population screening of healthy individuals. Methods of statement development: Two multidisciplinary groups consisting of medical geneticists, clinical laboratory geneticists, genetic counsellors, ethicists, lawyers and genetic researchers were assembled to review existing literature and guidelines on genome-wide sequencing for clinical genetic diagnosis in the context of monogenic diseases, and to make recommendations relevant to the Canadian context. The statement was circulated for comment to the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG) membership-at-large and, following incorporation of feedback, approved by the CCMG Board of Directors. The CCMG is a Canadian organisation responsible for certifying medical geneticists and clinical laboratory geneticists, and for establishing professional and ethical standards for clinical genetics services in Canada. Results and conclusions: Recommendations include (1) clinical genome-wide sequencing is an appropriate approach in the diagnostic assessment of a patient for whom there is suspicion of a significant monogenic disease that is associated with a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, or where specific genetic tests have failed to provide a diagnosis; (2) until the benefits of reporting incidental findings are established, we do not endorse the intentional clinical analysis of disease-associated genes other than those linked to the primary indication; and (3) clinicians should provide genetic counselling and obtain informed consent prior to undertaking clinical genome-wide sequencing. Counselling should include discussion of the limitations of testing, likelihood and implications of diagnosis and incidental findings, and the potential need for further analysis to facilitate clinical interpretation, including studies performed in a research setting. These recommendations will be routinely reevaluated as knowledge of diagnostic and clinical utility of clinical genome-wide sequencing improves. While the document was developed to direct practice in Canada, the applicability of the statement is broader and will be of interest to clinicians and health jurisdictions internationally

A collaborative model to implement flexible, accessible and efficient oncogenetic services for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer : the C-MOnGene study

Medical genetic services are facing an unprecedented demand for counseling and testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in a context of limited resources. To help resolve this issue, a collaborative oncogenetic model was recently developed and implemented at the CHU de Québec-Université Laval; Quebec; Canada. Here, we present the protocol of the C-MOnGene (Collaborative Model in OncoGenetics) study, funded to examine the context in which the model was implemented and document the lessons that can be learned to optimize the delivery of oncogenetic services. Within three years of implementation, the model allowed researchers to double the annual number of patients seen in genetic counseling. The average number of days between genetic counseling and disclosure of test results significantly decreased. Group counseling sessions improved participants' understanding of breast cancer risk and increased knowledge of breast cancer and genetics and a large majority of them reported to be overwhelmingly satisfied with the process. These quality and performance indicators suggest this oncogenetic model offers a flexible, patient-centered and efficient genetic counseling and testing for HBOC. By identifying the critical facilitating factors and barriers, our study will provide an evidence base for organizations interested in transitioning to an oncogenetic model integrated into oncology care; including teams that are not specialized but are trained in genetics