On Measurement of Helicity Parameters in Top Quark Decay

To enable an evaluation of future measurements of the helicity parameters for " t --> W b " decay in regard to " T_FS violation", this paper considers the effects of an additional pure-imaginary coupling, (i g/2 Lambda) or (i g), associated with a specific, single additional Lorentz structure, i = S, P, S + P, ... Sizable " T_FS violation" signatures can occur for low-effective mass scales (< 320 GeV), but in most cases can be more simply excluded by 10% precision measurement of the probabilities P(W_L) and P(b_L). Signatures for excluding the presence of " T_FS violation" associated with the two dynamical phase-type ambiguities are investigated.Comment: 15 pages, 1 table, 7 figures, no macro

PRICING SOYBEANS ON THE BASIS OF OIL AND PROTEIN CONTENT

Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis,

Systemic Abandonment of Latino Mid-Adolescents Residing in Less Ethnically Populated Urban Communities of the Midwest

This Ministry Focus Paper attempts to take a deeper look at abandonment in the Latino mid-adolescent community in the United States, the Midwest, and, specifically, Indianapolis, contrasting and comparing history, ethos, and systemic abandonment with the dominant culture mid-adolescent in the United States. Chap Clark, in his groundbreaking research entitled Hurt, uses the phrase “systemic abandonment” to describe the present state of the adolescent.1 Clark realizes that abandonment has been a slow, historical process initiated with the rise of the middle class and accentuated by postmodern values, such as: individualism, consumerism, and the perception of competence and sophistication of the young—as described by David Elkind—without social capital.2 Clark, in Hurt 2.0, shares about a group affected by systemic abandonment and not fitting within the “sociological mainstream.”3 Clark groups them into two clusters: the vulnerable and the privileged. The Latino oppressed culture is included in the vulnerable group. Although its value orientation is familism, collectivism, and social harmony, it is also affected by systemic abandonment. It is the final goal of this Ministry Focus Paper to create a structure that allows churches to adopt schools. The goal is to provide social capital in a multicultural setting, and therefore help reduce abandonment. It describes the DDMC model (Development, Discipleship, Mission, and Community) developed in a less ethnically minority populated urban community of the Midwest. Content reader: Chap Clark, PhD Footnotes 1 Chap Clark, Hurt: Inside the World of Today\u27s Teenagers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2004), 43-44. 2 David Elkind, All Grown Up and No Place to Go: Teenagers in Crisis (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1998), 5. 3 Chap Clark, Hurt 2.0: Inside the World of Today’s Teenagers (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2011), 165-186

IMPACT OF MEAT IMPORTS ON LEAST-COST UNITED STATES BEEF PRODUCTION

International Relations/Trade,

Observations of energetic low frequency current fluctuations in the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone

Relatively energetic low frequency fluctuations in horizontal currents are found to exist below the thermocline in the northern trough of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. For example, deep eddy kinetic energy levels there are about twice as large as those observed at similar relative depths in the MODE-I region. Eddy kinetic energies are about 2-10 times larger than mean kinetic energies...

The Likely Impact of National Federation on Commerce Clause Jurisprudence

In National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius, the Supreme Court exhaustively analyzed Congress’s constitutional power to enact the watershed Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA or “Obamacare”). The ACA imposes a “shared responsibility requirement,” popularly known as the “Individual Mandate” (IM), which forces Americans to buy medical insurance or pay a “penalty.” The ACA’s text and legislative history, as well as the public defenses of it by President Obama and his supporters, consistently described the IM as a valid exercise of Congress’s power “[t]o regulate Commerce . . . among the several States.” This reliance on the Commerce Clause was understandable, as it has been interpreted since 1937 as giving Congress virtually plenary authority. Indeed, the modern Court has upheld every federal statute (with two trivial exceptions) after applying an extremely deferential standard of review: Could Congress have had a rational basis for concluding that the activity regulated, taken in the aggregate nationwide, “substantially affects” interstate commerce? This judicially-approved legislation addressed not merely national economic matters, but also seemingly non-commercial subjects like civil rights, crime, the environment, and health and safety. In National Federation, Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan sought to continue this lenient approach by ruling that Congress could reasonably have determined that Americans’ decisions about health insurance (including the failure to obtain it), when added up nationally, substantially affect the interstate economy. However, Chief Justice Roberts and his four conservative Republican colleagues held that the IM had exceeded the bounds of the Commerce Clause, which restricted Congress to regulating interstate commercial “activity”–as contrasted with the IM’s novel attempt to compel Americans who were inactive in a market to buy something they did not want. The Chief Justice then unexpectedly joined the four liberal Democrats in holding that the IM could plausibly be construed as a “tax” on those who did not buy medical insurance and therefore could be sustained under Congress’s power to “Lay and Collect Taxes.” The four dissenters barely concealed their anger at Chief Justice Roberts for switching sides (apparently at the eleventh hour due to intense political pressure) to save Obamacare on dubious Taxing Power grounds. Most Republican legal analysts had a similar reaction. They fretted that the Court had radically altered its Commerce Clause jurisprudence by refusing to defer to Congress’s policy judgments about an important national economic and social issue, which would invite similar challenges. It is impossible to say with any certitude whether such concerns are warranted. It may be that National Federation portends a shift to increasingly aggressive judicial imposition of serious Commerce Clause restraints. On balance, however, history and pragmatism suggest that this case will have a marginal jurisprudential impact. This conclusion rests primarily on the fact that, since the New Deal era, the Court has sustained all major Commerce Clause legislation, which forms the foundation of the modern administrative and social welfare state. Realistically, the Court would risk legal, political, social, and economic chaos by rolling back its precedent allowing such important federal laws. Thus, at most the conservative Justices can try to stem the tide of new Commerce Clause statutes. Yet recent experience suggests that even that modest goal will prove difficult to achieve, as the Rehnquist Court’s lone attempt to enforce an outer boundary on Congress’s power–that it could regulate only subjects that were “commercial” in nature–fizzled out within a decade. Likewise, National Federation’s new “activity” limit will probably have little lasting relevance, for three reasons. First, the ACA represented Congress’s only attempt in over two centuries to use the Commerce Clause to regulate “inactivity,” and there do not appear to be any similar federal statutes in existence or on the horizon. Second, even if Congress were to enact such a law, it would be invalidated only if five conservative Republican Justices happened to be on the Court. Third, the latter restriction on the Commerce Clause did not put a dent in Congress’s overall power, because Chief Justice Roberts peeled off to uphold the ACA through his creative interpretation of the Taxing Power. The Court will likely remain unwilling to strike down non-trivial federal statutes

Exploratory observations of abyssal currents in the South Atlantic near Vema Channel

Vema Channel (nominal location 30S, 40W) is a major passage for the flow of Antarctic Bottom Water on its way northward from the Argentine Basin to the Brazil Basin. New data based on approximately year-long current meter deployments at abyssal depths yield mean or time-averaged kinetic energies as strong as 240 cm2s−2, and eddy kinetic energies from 8 to 40 cm2s−2. We observe a persistent northward flow of AABW with maximum speed near 40 cm s−1, as is found at abyssal depths in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream. The highest value of mean kinetic energy in Vema Channel (240 cm2 s−2) is much larger than that (∼20 cm2 s−2) found in the flow of Antarctic Bottom Water near the Ceara Rise, and comparable to values of 220 cm2 s−2 for the southward flow of North Atlantic Deep Water on the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge. Existing observations of mean kinetic energy at locations near the Gulf Stream System do not exceed 100 cm2 s−2 in the abyssal depth range.Eddy kinetic energies of 8 cm−2 s−2 are comparable to estimates (at similar depths) from areas at roughly equivalent latitudes, like MODE (Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment, nominal location 28N, 70W). However, abyssal kinetic energies as large as 40 cm2 s−2 are normally found only near strong current regimes, in contrast to values of roughly 1 cm2 s−2 in the ocean interior. Values of 18 to 64 cm2 s−2 have been observed near the southward flow of North Atlantic Deep Water on and adjacent to the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge near 30N, and up to 20 cm2 s−2 in the flow of Antarctic Bottom Water over the Ceara Rise. The strongest abyssal eddy field yet observed, ∼100 to 150 cm2 s−2, occurs near the Gulf Stream

Study and development of acoustic treatment for jet engine tailpipes

A study and development program was accomplished to attenuate turbine noise generated in the JT3D turbofan engine. Analytical studies were used to design an acoustic liner for the tailpipe. Engine ground tests defined the tailpipe environmental factors and laboratory tests were used to support the analytical studies. Furnace-brazed, stainless steel, perforated sheet acoustic liners were designed, fabricated, installed, and ground tested in the tailpipe of a JT3D engine. Test results showed the turbine tones were suppressed below the level of the jet exhaust for most far field polar angles