The Arab economy in Israel: dependency or development?

This study aims at discerning the extent to which Arab economic behavior is effectively separate from that of the Israeli economy as a whole: is the Arab sector simply a regional or "national" branch of the Israeli economy, or does it rest on foundations which are distinctive and autonomous? Viability then becomes the relevant and pressing question.palestine, Israel, regional economy

Sixty years after the partition resolution: what future for the Arab economy in Israel?

Despite the expectations of economic theory, a century of Arab-Jewish economic interaction in Palestine has not led to the convergence that is supposed to result from exchange between a capital-rich economy and a labor-intensive one. After 60 years of failed integration, the Arab population in Israel has fallen to the bottom of the socio-economic ladder. With the Palestinian “regional economies” in Israel and the occupied territories operating as part of the same Israeli economic regime, the challenge for Palestinian economic policy makers is to build on the new paradigm in shaping a national development strategy aimed at reconstructing Arab-Jewish economic relations on the principles of balanced cooperation embodied in the Economic Annex of the 1947 UN partition resolution.Palestine; Israel; economy; regional economy; Palestine Partition

Strategy of Growth for Substantial Reduction of Poverty and Reversal of Trend towards Increasing Regional Divide

While Development as Freedom is considered to be one of the objectives of our national economic endeavors, and poverty reduction and fairly balanced regional development are high on the economic agenda, it is well known that our planning and economic policies have failed to produce inclusive growth to enable substantial parts of country to get the benefits of developments. The Approach Paper to 11th Five Year Plan declares its objective to be faster and more inclusive growth, but the Planning Commission or the Central Government do not put forward any significant change in the plan principles or strategies. In this paper we are suggesting a set of new innovative policies as additions to the policies already being implemented.poverty, Regional Divide, 11th Five Year Plan, innovative policies

The economic dimensions of prolonged occupation: continuity and change in Israeli policy towards the Palestinian economy

- There is no Israeli economic policy towards the Palestinian people or the occupied territory; rather there is a policy to maintain occupation and administration of the Palestinian territory by whatever means available, including economic strategies; - Israeli strategies deployed since 1967 have included economic inducements to improve the quality of life, devolution, and other schemes focused on promoting individual welfare but not preventing communal poverty; - The Oslo Accords and the Paris Protocol on Economic Relations (PER) of 1994 formalized the de facto customs union in operation under occupation and locked in the adverse path of dependence of the Palestinian economy upon Israel; - Palestinian Authority institutions have been unable to establish sovereign or even autonomous institutions capable of expanding the space for economic policymaking and for economic polices promoting long-term development; - The effects of Israel’s dual strategy of skewed economic integration coupled with physical separation has led, over forty years, to divergence in per capita incomes between Israel and the territory, rather than the convergence promised by economic theory and the premises of the customs union; - Instead of continuing to repeatedly reform the facades of interim self-government, all efforts should aim to form the sovereign institutions for statehood; - New Israeli overtures under the heading of “economic peace” risk not only diverting attention from political processes, but also hark back to an era of Israeli domination of the Palestinian economy, which demonstrably failed; - Though the PER may have outlived its design and usefulness, it can only be superseded if a fundamentally different framework is envisaged, rooted in ensuring Palestinian sovereignty, statehood and economic viability; - A Palestinian economic strategy for sovereignty and peace would entail seeking recognition of the Palestinian economy as a separate customs territory, and would become the reference point for formulation of economic policy, institution-building, decision-making, and international economic relations; - Such a status would offer a platform for building a viable, vibrant and secure national economy for the envisioned State of Palestine, governed by a framework which adheres, among other principles, to the multilateral rules and disciplines embodied in the World Trade Organization; - Only through a Palestinian economic policy framework that is predicated on the separate, internationally recognized status of the economy of the occupied territory, which in turn helps to create the conditions to end occupation, can a viable Palestinian economy and a sovereign State emerge to deliver the promise of peace.Palestinian economy, occupied Palestinian territories

Thermodynamic fingerprints of non-Markovianity in a system of coupled superconducting qubits

The exploitation and characterization of memory effects arising from the interaction between system and environment is a key prerequisite for quantum reservoir engineering beyond the standard Markovian limit. In this paper we investigate a prototype of non-Markovian dynamics experimentally implementable with superconducting qubits. We rigorously quantify non-Markovianity highlighting the effects of the environmental temperature on the Markovian to non-Markovian crossover. We investigate how memory effects influence, and specifically suppress, the ability to perform work on the driven qubit. We show that the average work performed on the qubit can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect the presence or absence of memory effects.Comment: 9 page

Caldwell's Educational Service on ‘Karisal Mann’ (Black Soil)

The Gurukul system of education was only available in a few places in ancient India. Christian missionaries transformed this condition, establishing the current educational system and bringing education to all people, regardless of caste, creed, colour, or social rank. Robert Caldwell, in particular, made significant contribution in providing education to the poor in South India throughout the nineteenth century. In Idayangudi, Tirunelveli, he undertook various reformatory activities in the areas of gospel, Tamil language, society, medicine, and education. Robert Caldwell was born in Antrim, Ireland, in 1814. He went to Glasgow University to study. He was an expert in English, Tamil, and Religious Texts, as well as art. He was fluent in Tamil, English, Greek, Telugu, and Sanskrit, among other languages. In 1841, he went to Tirunelveli's Idayangudi in South India as a missionary under the London Missionary Society. He revitalised the  boy's school which was begun by Rev. Iranius. In 1842, Caldwell also founded the Girl's School. These schools taught subjects like Tamil, English, Geography, and History. He founded Anglo Vernacular Schools to teach English and Tamil letters to youngsters who did not know English. He established schools in places like Tharuvai, Ramanathapuram, Samugarengapuram, Kulasegaran Pattinam, Azhvar Thirunagari, Tuticorin, Arumangalam, Thenthiruperai, and Thatanpadam. Caldwell stayed in Idayangudi for more than 50 years, bringing about significant changes for the illiterate. Caldwell's legacy lives on in the hearts of the people and has fused with the Chernozem soil, as evidenced by educational institutions and researchers who have benefited from them

Implementation of a parallel unstructured Euler solver on shared and distributed memory architectures

An efficient three dimensional unstructured Euler solver is parallelized on a Cray Y-MP C90 shared memory computer and on an Intel Touchstone Delta distributed memory computer. This paper relates the experiences gained and describes the software tools and hardware used in this study. Performance comparisons between two differing architectures are made