114 research outputs found
Absorption and birefringence study for reduced optical losses in diamond with high NV concentration
The use of diamond color centers such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is
increasingly enabling quantum sensing and computing applications. Novel
concepts like cavity coupling and readout, laser threshold magnetometry and
multi-pass geometries allow significantly improved sensitivity and performance
via increased signals and strong light fields. Enabling material properties for
these techniques and their further improvements are low optical material losses
via optical absorption of signal light and low birefringence. Here we study
systematically the behavior of absorption around 700 nm and birefringence with
increasing nitrogen- and NV-doping, as well as their behavior during NV
creation via diamond growth, electron beam irradiation and annealing
treatments. Absorption correlates with increased nitrogen-doping yet
substitutional nitrogen does not seem to be the direct absorber. Birefringence
reduces with increasing nitrogen doping. We identify multiple crystal defect
concentrations via absorption spectroscopy and their changes during the
material processing steps and thus identify potential causes of absorption and
birefringence as well as strategies to fabricate CVD diamonds with high NV
density yet low absorption and low birefringence.Comment: Accepted by Philosophical Transactions A (DOI:
10.1098/rsta.2022.0314
Feedbacks of plant identity and diversity on the diversity and community composition of rhizosphere microbiomes from a long-term biodiversity experiment
Soil microbes are known to be key drivers of several essential ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, plant productivity and the maintenance of plant species diversity. However, how plant species diversity and identity affect soil microbial diversity and community composition in the rhizosphere is largely unknown. We tested whether, over the course of 11 years, distinct soil bacterial communities developed under plant monocultures and mixtures, and if over this time frame plants with a monoculture or mixture history changed in the bacterial communities they associated with. For eight species, we grew offspring of plants that had been grown for 11 years in the same field monocultures or mixtures (plant history in monoculture vs. mixture) in pots inoculated with microbes extracted from the field monoculture and mixture soils attached to the roots of the host plants (soil legacy). After 5 months of growth in the glasshouse, we collected rhizosphere soil from each plant and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the community composition and diversity of the bacterial communities. Bacterial community structure in the plant rhizosphere was primarily determined by soil legacy and by plant species identity, but not by plant history. In seven of the eight plant species the number of individual operational taxonomic units with increased abundance was larger when inoculated with microbes from mixture soil. We conclude that plant species richness can affect below-ground community composition and diversity, feeding back to the assemblage of rhizosphere bacterial communities in newly establishing plants via the legacy in soil.</p
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension have comparable adverse effects on health-related quality of life
Creating Space in the Catholic Church for Same Sex Parents
The Catholic Church holds that same sex parents do violence to their children as these parental relationships lack two fundamental qualities: the ability to procreate and complementarity. In spite of the Church’s negative view on same sex parenting, its position is flawed as there are significant gaps in the Church’s arguments against same sex parents. By looking more deeply at the Church’s teachings and by considering the progress society has made in its understanding of same sex parents, the Church should reconsider its position, creating a more inclusive church body
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