Iodine biofortification of spinach by soil fertigation with additional application of humic and fulvic acids

<p>The aim of this research was to determine the interaction between fertigation with KIO₃ and pre-sowing application of exogenous humic and fulvic acids (used in the form of the commercial concentrate Humistar, HU) on yield, iodine biofortification and chemical composition of spinach cv. ‘Olbrzym zimowy’. The plants were cultivated in a pot experiment with the following treatments: control, pre-sowing HU application at doses of 0.0125, 0.05 and 0.2 cm³ HU dm⁻³ of soil, KIO₃ fertigation and KIO₃ fertigation with pre-sowing HU application at doses of 0.0125, 0.05 and 0.2 cm³ HU dm⁻³ of soil, fertigation at a dose of 0.0004% I. The use of HU and fertigation with KIO₃ caused an increase of iodine content and iodine transfer factor (TF) from the soil to the plants; with the highest extent in the pot treated with KIO₃ + 0.2 cm³ HU dm⁻³ of soil.</p

Selected relative gene expression in liver and in thyroid gland of experimental rats.

<p>Selected relative gene expression in liver and in thyroid gland of experimental rats.</p

Texts and Thought Maps as Tools for Expressing Thoughts and Creativity: An Analysis of Metaphors in Texts and Thought Maps

<p>DWI-group (above–on the left 10x H&S, on the right 40x H&S staining; below on the left 10x PAS, on the right 40x PAS staining).</p

Concentration of iodine in urine, faeces, muscle and selected organs.

<p>Concentration of iodine in urine, faeces, muscle and selected organs.</p

Body gain, fed efficiency ratio (FER) and weight of selected organs.

<p>Body gain, fed efficiency ratio (FER) and weight of selected organs.</p

Selected biochemical parameters in serum of experimental rats.

<p>Selected biochemical parameters in serum of experimental rats.</p

Transcriptome Profiling of Caco-2 Cancer Cell Line following Treatment with Extracts from Iodine-Biofortified Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.)

<div><p>Although iodization of salt is the most common method used to obtain iodine-enriched food, iodine deficiency disorders are still a global health problem and profoundly affect the quality of human life. Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are crucial regulators of human metabolism, cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and have been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the effect of iodine-biofortified lettuce on transcriptomic profile of Caco-2 cancer cell line by applying the Whole Human Genome Microarray assay. We showed 1326 differentially expressed Caco-2 transcripts after treatment with iodine-biofortified (BFL) and non-fortified (NFL) lettuce extracts. We analysed pathways, molecular functions, biological processes and protein classes based on comparison between BFL and NFL specific genes. Iodine, which was expected to act as a free ion (KI-NFL) or at least in part to be incorporated into lettuce macromolecules (BFL), differently regulated pathways of numerous transcription factors leading to different cellular effects. In this study we showed the inhibition of Caco-2 cells proliferation after treatment with BFL, but not potassium iodide (KI), and BFL-mediated induction of mitochondrial apoptosis and/or cell differentiation. Our results showed that iodine-biofortified plants can be effectively used by cells as an alternative source of this trace element. Moreover, the observed differences in action of both iodine sources may suggest a potential of BFL in cancer treatment.</p></div

Regulation of BFL specific genes in response to iodine in Caco-2 cell line.

<p>Regulation of BFL specific genes in response to iodine in Caco-2 cell line.</p