THE MOST FREQUENT INJURIES IN GOLF

Glavni cilj ovog rada je opisati neke od najučestalijih ozljeda u golfu, sportu sa izrazito velikim brojem igrača u svijetu i brzim rastom popularnosti. Golf je u zamahu razvoja u našoj zemlji te kao sport koji jedan od važnih elemenata planiranog daljnjeg turističkog razvoja u našoj zemlji. Opisuju ga kontinuirana dugotrajna opterećenja niskog intenziteta, a ne svrstava u skupinu sportova u kojemu su ozljede česte te je sport bez tjelesnog kontakta sa suigračima. Problem ozljeda prisutan je u amaterskom i profesionalnom golfu. Golf udarac kompleksan koordinirani pokret koji koristi muskulaturu gotovo cijelog tijela a karakteriziraju ga rotacije u gotovo svim osima. Faktori koji mogu utjecati na pojavu ozljede su ponavljajući pokreti i/ili velika sila udarca, nepravilna tehnika tijekom jedne od faza izvoðenja udarca, te promjena opreme/palica koje nisu prilagoðene razini kvalitete golfera, tehnici izvedbe udaraca, fizičkoj pripremljenosti, dobi te spolu. Ozljeda donjeg dijela leða, križa, najučestalija je ozljeda u golfu, preciznije, ruptura mišića leða i sindromi prenaprezanja ili upale mišićnih hvatišta. Ozljeda lakta i podlaktice su na drugom mjestu po učestalosti ozljeda u amaterskom i profesionalnom golfu, a slijede ih ozljede gležnja i stopala te ramena i nadlaktice te koljena. Stručna znanja iz kineziologije u trenažnom procesu, biomehanika udarca i fizička priprema direktno utječu na smanjenje opterećenja na lokomotorni sustav za vrijeme igre a samim time smanjuje se učestalost ozljeda.The main goal of this paper is to describe some of the most common golf injuries. Golf is a sport of high popularity and increasing number of players in the world. In our Croatia golf is growing dominantly as one of key elements development of planned tourism development in our country. The intensities of the activity is low, but the duration is high and as there is no contact to other players, it is not categorized as sport where injuries are frequent. Though , several type of injuries are present in the amateur and professional golf as well. The golf swing is a complex coordinated movement engaging almost entire body musculature, and is being characterized with body rotations in all axis. The factors that may affect the occurrence of injuries are repetitive movements and/or large impact forces, improper technique during one of the swing phases, equipment/golf clubs change or the clubs that are not appropriate to the level of golfers quality, technique, physical condition, age and gender. The lower back injury is the most common injury in golf, more precisely it is a rupture of the back muscles and overuse syndromes or inflammation of muscle insertions. The elbow and forearm injuries are in second place injuries occurrence in amateur and professional golf, which are followed by ankle and foot injury, shoulder, upper arm and knee injury. The expert knowledge in field of kinesiology and training process, swing biomechanics and physical preparation have a direct influence the reduction of locomotor system load during the game and thus reduces the incidence of injurie

Bilateral Congenital Dislocation of the Knee with Ipsilateral Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip – Report of Three Patients

Congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK) is a very rare condition. Here we report our strategy and results in treatment of three children with CDK. All three patients were treated with conservative method, and only one had underwent a surgical procedure on one knee. Of the remaining, we recorded a good outcome with conservative treatment in three knees, while two had poorer outcome as a result of musculoskeletal anomalies. We also present here a unique case of a child born without cruciate ligaments and patellas on both sides. We performed the operative procedure by Z-plasty of the extensor apparatus on one left knee according to Niebauer and King on one child. The clinical result of this procedure was very good. Five years after the operation we decided to perform an MRI examination to assess the postoperative status of the operated knee, especially the position and the shape of left patella. We found the asymmetry and high position of the operated patella resulting in patella alta. Compared to the initial clinical presentation, we consider all patients to have good clinical presentation nowdays

The Influence of Test Repetition on Bipodal Visually Controlled Static and Dynamic Balance

This study explores the influence of test repetition on bipodal visually controlled balance, both static and dynamic. Our goal was to get an insight into the pattern of changes in posture maintenance results during repeated balance tests. Fifteen young, healthy male recreational athletes were tested for static and for dynamic balance using KAT 2000 balance platform. The subjects first performed three trial tests of static and dynamic balance to get used to the platform followed by seven repetitions of static as well as dynamic test which were recorded. During the repeated tests we could not determine any significant improvements of static balance test resulting from number of test repetitions neither in static nor in dynamic balance (Friedman ANOVA: Static balance p=0.497, Dynamic balance p=0.393). Correlating static and dynamic balance results we found that only one third of the dynamic balance was related to static balance abilities (r2=0.36). Possible patterns in front-back and left-right directions were analyzed as well, however, none of these balance scores were found to be related to the number of repetitions. In conclusion, this study found no significant influence of limited number of repetitions (seven) on test results in static and dynamic posture. However, as large number of repetitions might still influence test results we discourage the use of KAT 2000 as a training tool in patients in which it will be used as an instrument to validate postoperative rehabilitation or investigation results

The „cello technique” – description of a new technique for ultrasound assisted calcaneoplasty

Tehnika violončelo nova je operativna metoda kalkaneoplastike, primjenjiva u operativnom liječenju Haglundove bolesti. Riječ je o operativnoj tehnici resekcije stražnjeg gornjeg pola kalkaneusa, pri kojoj se intraoperativna vizualizacija vrši ultrazvukom u realnom vremenu. S bolesnikom u potrbušnom položaju, ultrazvučnom sondom položenom na kalkaneus u sagitalnoj ravnini u smjeru vlakana Ahilove tetive te uz pomoć jednog, posteromedijalnog ulaza za koštani abrader, moguća je resekcija stražnjeg gornjeg pola kalkanusa. U ovom radu dajemo prikaz nove operativne tehnike. Riječ je o inovativnoj tehnici kojom se prvi put operativni zahvat na kostima vizualizira i kontrolira u realnom vremenu, isključivo uz pomoć ultrazvuka. Operativna tehnika smišljena je i razvijena na našoj Klinici.The Cello technique is a new technique of calcaneoplasty applicable in surgical treatment of Haglund disease. It is a surgical technique of resection of the posterior superior part of the calcaneus under direct ultrasound control and in a real time ultrasound visualization. With the abrader in the only one posteromedial working portal, it is possible to resect the postero-superior part of the calcaneus under direct ultrasound control. In this paper we are describing the operative technicque. This innovative technique of bone resection under direct ultrasound guidance developed on our institution, offers the possibility of expanding the indications for ultrasound guided surgery in other fields of orthopaedic surgery