Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding smoking amongst young females

Background: Smoking amongst women is increasing in the developing countries like India. There is paucity of data on the knowledge, attitude and practices of smoking amongst females in India. Hence a study was planned to assess the same.Methods: It was a qualitative research using descriptive questionnaire, prepared using the basic protocols available as per WHO Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted by self-reporting, from February to March, 2018 in the University Institute of Applied Management Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh. It was administered to 111 females aged 18 to 35 years, residing in Chandigarh.Results: Total22.5% of the female respondents were current smokers. Majority of them belonged to the age group of 26-35years; were either employed or were studying and felt that females resorted to smoking for gaining pleasure and relieving stress. Most of them were aware of passive smoking. Majority felt that people who smoke should quit for their own health and for their families and street plays, public awareness camps, television and cinema halls are important mediums for helping to quit. Will power be found to be most important to help smokers quit. Some quoted the role of nicotine replacement therapy, exercise, individual counseling etc also. Majority of the females started smoking early, at an age of 16-25years, consuming 1-10cigarettes per day and had been smoking since more than a year when interviewed. Smoking was primarily introduced by peers. All the smokers were aware of different types of smoking hazards, most commonly reported as cancer and asthma. 16/25 smokers wanted to quit and 14/16 had tried in the past but were unsuccessful.Conclusions: This study gives an indication of rising smoking trend in females. Smoking cessation measures need to be made more gender-sensitive, targeting females in their early ages

A Review on Various Energy Efficient Techniques in Cloud Environment

Cloud computing is web based mostly development and use of engineering. it is a mode of computing within which dynamically scalable and sometimes virtualized resources are provided as a service over the web. Users needn't have data of, experience in, or management over the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them. programming is one of the core steps to with efficiency exploit the capabilities of heterogeneous computing systems. On cloud computing platform, load equalisation of the whole system will be dynamically handled by using virtualization technology through that it becomes potential to remap virtual machine and physical resources in step with the modification in load. However, so as to boost performance, the virtual machines ought to totally utilize its resources and services by adapting to computing setting dynamically. The load balancing with correct allocation of resources should be bonded so as to boost resource utility and energy efficiency

The predictive value of sFlt-1/PIGF ratio in high risk patients for the development of preeclampsia

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy constitute a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia ranks second only to haemorrhage as a specific, direct cause of maternal mortality. A number of markers have been under study for the early detection of this disease. The study aims to evaluate the predictive value of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for preeclampsia.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of ASCOMS hospital, Jammu for a period of 6 months from Jan 2019 to June 2019. 50 antenatal patients attending the outpatient department with risk factors for developing preeclampsia were enrolled in the study. Their sFlT-1/PIGF ratio was determined at gestational age of 20 weeks to 37 weeks and its predictive value was evaluated.Results: In the present study, 8 patients developed preeclampsia subsequently. The mean sFlt-1/PIGF ratio values were significantly higher in the patients who developed preeclampsia (73.5) than who did not develop the disease (26.07). The positive predictive value at 1 week was 41.66% and negative predictive value was 100%. At 4 weeks, positive predictive value was 66.66% and negative predictive value was 100%.Conclusions: The present study suggests sFlt-1/PIGF ratio values are useful marker was a predictor of preeclampsia and values >38 were associated with preeclampsia. It is more useful in ruling out preeclampsia than ruling in the disease

The Wonderful DMARD with Multiple Toxicities

Methotrexate is a type of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). It is used to reduce activity of the immune system for people who have certain conditions. Methotrexate is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant. Its use may be limited by concerns regarding its adverse reactions. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions in some cases leads to the therapy discontinuation. Although adverse drug reactions (ADR) of methotrexate generally do not pose a serious threat to the health of patients and a reduction in the dose of methotrexate leads to their elimination, in some cases severe toxicities of the drug occur unpredictably. These facts explain the need for close monitoring of the patient’s condition and the identification of potential risk factors for drug toxicity on the part of different organs and functional systems. The purpose of this review is to detail about safety and tolerability of methotrexate

Operation of Distribution Systems with PEVs and Smart Loads

With the evolving concept of smart grids, Local Distribution Companies (LDCs) are gradually integrating advanced technologies and intelligent infrastructures to maximize distribution system capability, modernize the grid, and lay the foundation for smart loads. With the development of smart grids, utilities and customers will be able to coordinately send, retrieve, visualize, process and/or control their energy needs for the benefit of both. This thesis first presents a novel smart distribution system operation framework for smart charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Thus, a three-phase Distribution Optimal Power Flow (DOPF) model is proposed, which incorporates comprehensive models of underground cables, transformers, voltage dependent loads, taps and switch capacitors, and their respective limits, to determine optimal feeder voltage-control settings and PEV smart-charging schedules. Various objective functions from the perspective of the LDC and customers are considered, and controlled tap, switch capacitors, and charging schemes are determined for various scenarios to address the shortcomings of uncontrolled charging, using two realistic feeder models to test and validate the proposed approach. Probabilistic studies are carried out on these two feeders, based on Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS), to account for the uncertainty in customers' driving patterns reflected in the initial PEV state-of-charge (SOC) and charging starting time. The thesis also presents mathematical models for price-responsive and controllable loads to study for the first time the smart operation of unbalanced distribution systems with these types of smart loads, based on the previously proposed DOPF model. The price-responsive load models are represented using linear and exponential functions of the price, while a constant energy load model, controllable by the LDC, is proposed to model critical and deferrable loads. The effect of feeder peak demand constraints on the controllable loads is also examined, based on the results obtained for two realistic feeder models. The two feeders are also used to study, using MCS, the variability of elasticity parameters and their impact on the output of the DOPF. Finally, the thesis presents a load model of an EHMS residential micro-hub using neural networks (NN), based on measured and simulated data. The inputs of the NN are weather, Time-of-Use (TOU) tariffs, time, and a peak demand cap imposed by the LDC. Various NN structures are trained, tested, validated, and compared to obtain the best fit for the given data. The developed function can be readily applied to the proposed DOPF for real-time optimal operation and control of LDC distribution feeders in smart grids

Second generation South Asian Canadians: family or individual mate choice model adoption

Family processes have been shown to impact well -being in various immigrant populations in Canada. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of individual choice and/or family choice model adoption of mate selection on well-being in second generation individuals. Our goal was to examine whether multiple moderators could account for the relationship between mate choice model adoption and well -being. Specifically, we examined acculturation alikeness and family conflict moderating the relationship between individual mate choice and well-being, and autonomy and family allocentrism moderating the relationship between family mate choice and well-being. Sixty-two second-generation South Asian Canadians completed the online questionnaire assessing their experiences in regards to the aforementioned variables. No significant moderating relationships were found. Subsequent mediation analyses were conducted based on preliminary correlations between mate choice model and all other study variables. Perceived autonomy was found to mediate the relationship between individual mate choice model and self-esteem well-being, as well as self-actualization well-being. Both heritage acculturation alikeness and less intergenerational conflict were found to mediate the relationship between family mate choice model and satisfaction with life well - being. Implications regarding the results of the study are provided for future research and clinical contexts

Comparison of iron carboxy maltose and iron sucrose in pregnant females

Background: Maternal anaemia is a common problem worldwide. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of FCM vs iron sucrose for correction of iron deficiency during pregnancy.Methods: This study was conducted in Swasthya healthcare, Jammu for a period of ten months from Sep 2017 to June 2018. A total of 100 women with Hb 7-9.9g% enrolled. They were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A were given Iron Carboxy maltose and Group B were given Iron Sucrose. These were compared for their efficacy and safety.Results: In the present study, the rise in mean hemoglobin at 4 weeks in Group A was 1.79±0.47 and 1.06±0.11 in Group B which was highly significant (p-value<0.0001). Rise in mean serum ferritin level at 4 weeks in Group A was 123.80±16.03 and in Group B was 84.78±10.53. Statistically, this rise was also highly significant (p<0.0001). In present study, adverse reactions were observed in 34% patients in Group A, while in Group B it was observed in 52% patients.Conclusions: Iron carboxy maltose shows higher rise in hemoglobin and ferritin levels as compared to Iron Sucrose and incidence of adverse effects is also comparatively lower in the former