Communication and social skills of deaf and Hard-of-hearing children

Kako ćemo funkcionisati u svakodnevnim aktivnostima, ostvari- vati svoje potrebe i sticati znanja u velikoj meri zavisi od veština komunikacije i sposobnosti uspostavljanja adekvatnih socijalnih kon- takata. Barijere u komunikaciji koje su kod gluvih i nagluvih osoba pri- sutne, neminovno dovode do nedovoljnog ili neadekvatnog razumevanja društvenih događanja i pravila. Sfera socijalnog ponašanja kod gluvih i nagluvih osoba može biti veoma narušena. Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže specifičnosti razvoja komunikativnih i socijalnih veština kod gluve i nagluve dece, od najranijeg uzrasta, preko predškolskog, pa sve do sfere obrazovanja. Komunikativne i socijalne veštine gluvih i nagluvih učenika zavi- se od različitih faktora i uslova koji ih okružuju. One su preduslov us- pešne socijalne inkluzije i uključivanja u društvo. Trebalo bi istaći značaj razvoja rane komunikacije koja se odvija u porodici, kao prvog pre- duslova za razvoj socijalnih veština. Faktori kao što su: podsticaj- no okruženje, adekvatni vizuelni i akustički stimulusi, rad rehabili- tatora, nastavnika u redovnim školama i defektologa, zatim rad na ranom razvoju govora i jezika, prisutnost tumača/interpretatora za znakovni jezik, mogu pozitivno uticati na razvoj socijalnih veština i odnosa sa vršnjacima koji čuju.How we are going to function in everyday activities, meet our needs and gain knowledge depends to a large degree on our communication skills and ability to establish adequate social contacts. Communication barriers which deaf and hard-of-hearing persons have, inevitably lead to insufficient or inadequate understanding of social events and rules. The sphere of social behaviour can be very much impaired in deaf and hard-of-hearing persons. The aim of this paper is to show the specificities of the development of communication and social skills in deaf and hard-of-hearing children, from their earliest age, through their preschool age, up to the sphere of their education. The communication and social skills of the deaf and hard-of-hearing students depend on the different factors that surround them. They are a prerequisite for successful social inclusion and being included in the society. We should emphasize the importance of the development of early communication, that takes place within the family, as the first prerequisite for the development of social skills. Factors such as a supportive environment, adequate visual and acoustic stimuli, the work of rehabilitators, regular school teachers and special education teachers, and then working on the early development of speech and language influence their development greatly. Early adoption of sign language, bilingual education which has been more and more prevalent in the world, as well as the presence of sign language interpreters in regular institutions – schools, can positively influence the development of social skills in deaf and hard-of-hearing persons and their relationships with their hearing peers

Le patrimoine de l’immigration en France et en Europe : enjeu social et culturel The heritage of immigration in France and Europe - social and cultural issues

Acteur important du processus de sauvetage de la mémoire de l’immigration et d’écriture de son histoire depuis sa création en 1987, l’association Génériques organise un colloque à dimension européenne sur le thème du patrimoine de l’immigration. Il aura lieu les 10 et 11 décembre 2012 à la Maison de l'Europe à Paris. Ce colloque a pour objectif non seulement de développer la connaissance sur le patrimoine de l’immigration mais aussi d’interroger et de croiser les pratiques de ceux et celles qui y travaillent au niveau local, national, transnational et européen (associations, pouvoirs publics, acteurs culturels, institutions patrimoniales, chercheurs...). Les communications organisées autour de tables rondes présenteront des pistes de réflexion, d’analyse, ainsi que des expériences de terrain afin de contribuer à définir l’état des recherches sur les enjeux du patrimoine de l’immigration et sur la place de l’immigration dans les politiques de patrimonialisation en France et en Europe

Modulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated cell death by fullerenes

Purpose. The fullerene (C-60/C-70 mixture-C-60/70) nanocrystalline suspension prepared by solvent exchange method using tetrahydrofyran (THF/nC(60/70)) and polyhydroxylated C-60/70 [C-60/70(OH)(n)] were compared for their ability to modulate cytotoxicity of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNT). Materials and Methods. TNF-induced cytotoxicity was assessed in L929 fibrosarcoma cells by crystal violet assay. The type of cell death (apoptosis/necrosis), production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase activation were determined by flow cytometry using the appropriate reporter dyes. Results. THF/nC(60/70) augmented, while C-60/70(OH)(n) reduced the cytotoxicity of TNF. The numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis/necrosis, as well as of those displaying the activation of apoptosis-inducing enzymes of caspase family, were respectively increased or reduced by THF/nC(60/70) or C-60/70(OH)(n). The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor cyclosporin A each partly blocked the cytotoxic action of TNF, indicating the involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the TNF cytotoxicity. Accordingly, THF/nC(60/70) or C-60/70(OH)(n) potentiated or suppressed, respectively, TNF-triggered oxidative stress and mitochondrial depolarization. Conclusion. The ability of different fullerene preparations to modulate TNF-induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell death suggests their potential value in the TNF-based cancer therapy or prevention of TNF-dependent tissue damage

Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries - The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries

Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries - The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Background and aims: Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries. Methods: Lead Investigators from countries formally involved in the EAS FHSC by mid-May 2018 were invited to provide a brief report on FH status in their countries, including available information, programmes, initiatives, and management. Results: 63 countries provided reports. Data on FH prevalence are lacking in most countries. Where available, data tend to align with recent estimates, suggesting a higher frequency than that traditionally considered. Low rates of FH detection are reported across all regions. National registries and education programmes to improve FH awareness/knowledge are a recognised priority, but funding is often lacking. In most countries, diagnosis primarily relies on the Dutch Lipid Clinics Network criteria. Although available in many countries, genetic testing is not widely implemented (frequent cost issues). There are only a few national official government programmes for FH. Under-treatment is an issue. FH therapy is not universally reimbursed. PCSK9-inhibitors are available in ∼2/3 countries. Lipoprotein-apheresis is offered in ∼60% countries, although access is limited. Conclusions: FH is a recognised public health concern. Management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment. Efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, including development of national registries, but support, particularly from health authorities, and better funding are greatly needed

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present