ADAPTATION OF NBR 7190 FOR EVALUATING WICKER PROPERTIES FOR HANDICRAFT

As diferentes esp\ue9cies de vime ( Salix spp.), cultivadas na regi\ue3o do vale do Rio Canoas (Serra Catarinense), possuem grande aplica\ue7\ue3o em artesanato. A pesquisa de suas propriedades f\uedsicas e mec\ue2nicas leva em considera\ue7\ue3o o seu processamento e o manuseio para manufatura, sendo relevantes a densidade das esp\ue9cies, a flex\ue3o dos ramos e a tra\ue7\ue3o de fitas. Neste trabalho s\ue3o realizadas considera\ue7\uf5es sobre o emprego da NBR 7190/1997 com vistas \ue0 realiza\ue7\ue3o de ensaios f\uedsicos e mec\ue2nicos em vime, avaliando as adapta\ue7\uf5es realizadas nas equa\ue7\uf5es indicadas pelo documento normativo, na prepara\ue7\ue3o dos corpos de prova e tamb\ue9m nos acess\uf3rios da m\ue1quina de ensaio. Foram reconsiderados aspectos dimensionais das amostras para ensaio de obten\ue7\ue3o da massa espec\uedfica aparente (umidade de 12%), obtida pelos m\ue9todos estereom\ue9trico e por deslocamento de merc\ufario. Em virtude das diferen\ue7as dimensionais do material utilizado no artesanato, as an\ue1lises foram feitas em separado, avaliando-se os ramos para ensaios de flex\ue3o e o material transformado em fitas para os de tra\ue7\ue3o, sendo conduzidos mediante pequenas altera\ue7\uf5es no cutelo e nas garras. Foram adaptadas equa\ue7\uf5es para minimizar a influ\ueancia do momento de in\ue9rcia da se\ue7\ue3o transversal, no caso da flex\ue3o. A adapta\ue7\ue3o da norma NBR 7190/1997 \ue9 adequada para a determina\ue7\ue3o das propriedades do vime, em fun\ue7\ue3o das caracter\uedsticas espec\uedficas do material para uso em artesanato.Different species of wicker ( Salix spp.), planted in region of Canoas river valley (Serra Catarinense), have application in handicraft. The research of their physical and mechanical properties takes into account the processing and handling to manufacturing, as the density of the relevant species, the bending of the rods and traction of tapes. In this paper considerations are made about the use of NBR 7190/1997 with a view to carry out physical and mechanical tests in wicker, evaluating adjustments made in the equations indicated by the normative document, in the preparation of specimens and also in the testing machine accessories. Dimensional aspects of the test samples to the bulk density (12% moisture) were reconsidered, obtained by the stereometric and by displacement of mercury methods. Because of dimensional differences of the material used in handicraft, the analysis of each test were made separately, evaluating rods for the bend study and the material transformed in tapes for the tension test, being direct with little transformation in cutlass and nipper. The equations were adapted to minimize the influence of inertia moment on transversal section were adapted, in the bend case. For wicker properties analysis, the adaption of wood standard is suitable

ANATOMICAL COMPARISON OF POPULAR BRACATINGA ( Mimosa scabrella Bentham) VARIETIES OF WOOD

Esta pesquisa objetivou comparar anatomicamente a madeira das variedades populares de bracatinga ( Mimosa scabrella Bentham): bracatinga-branca, bracatinga-vermelha e bracatinga-argentina. Para a realiza\ue7\ue3o deste trabalho, foram coletadas \ue1rvores com idades entre 6 e 7 anos, provenientes de \ue1reas pertencentes \ue0 Embrapa Florestas, localizadas no munic\uedpio de Colombo-PR, Brasil cujo material bot\ue2nico coletado foi identificado e descrito. Foram obtidas amostras de madeira com casca para a caracteriza\ue7\ue3o. As an\ue1lises evidenciaram que n\ue3o h\ue1 diferen\ue7as estat\uedsticas entre os elementos anat\uf4micos do lenho da bracatingabranca e da bracatinga-vermelha, indicando que as diferencia\ue7\uf5es que tais plantas recebem por causa da a cor da madeira n\ue3o est\ue3o presentes no aspecto anat\uf4mico. As duas variedades populares, tamb\ue9m conhecidas como bracatinga-comum, diferiram estatisticamente entre si com rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 bracatinga-argentina, quanto ao di\ue3metro tangencial dos poros, quantidade de poros/mm2, comprimento dos elementos vasculares, di\ue2metro das c\ue9lulas par\ueanquimo-axiais, largura dos raios unisseriados e multisseriados. Os resultados podem ser considerados um importante aux\uedlio na distin\ue7\ue3o das variedades populares de bracatinga-comum e bracatingaargentina em variedades bot\ue2nicas.The main objective of this research was to compare anatomical wood characteristics of the popular varieties of Mimosa scabrella Bentham known as bracatinga-branca, bracatinga-vermelha and bracatingaargentina. The material used in this work was collected from 6 to 7 years old trees of the popular varieties from areas located in Colombo municipality, State of Paran\ue1, owned by Embrapa Florestas. Botanic for anatomical characterization of wood material was identified and described. Results did not show differences of anatomical characteristics between the bracatinga-branca and bracatinga-vermelha. The bracatingabranca and bracatinga-vermelha showed statistically differences in relation to bracatinga-argentina to average values in pores tangential diameter, pores quantity per square mm, vessel elements individual length, axial parenchyma cells diameter, unisseriate and multisseriate rays width. In conclusion, the observations contribute to a better understanding of the differences showed by the popular varieties

AVALIA\uc7\uc3O DAS DIMENS\uf5ES DAS FIBRAS DE COLMOS DE BAMBU, Dendrocalamus giganteus (Wall) Munro, EM DIFERENTES IDADES

This study aimed to evaluate the fiber dimension of Dendrocalamus giganteus culms in 2-6 years old. Samples from basal portion of culms were macerated and sliced in sliding microtome for dimension fibers evaluation and histological cut production. Results showed that fibers increased in length with culms age, being the smallest and the biggest lengths 3266 and 3878.57 \u3bcm, observed in 3o and 6o years, respectively. The fibers showed smaller and bigger wall thickness in 6o and 2o years, with value of 7.11 and 10.46 \u3bcm, respectively. The anatomical tissue of culms varied from 12.8, 47.6 and 39.6 for vascular bundles, fibers and parenchyma, respectively.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as dimens\uf5es das fibras dos colmos de Dendrocalamus giganteus na idade de 2-6 anos. Corpos de prova de amostras das posi\ue7\uf5es basais dos colmos foram macerados e cortados em micr\uf3tomo de deslize para a avalia\ue7\ue3o das dimens\uf5es das fibras e confec\ue7\ue3o de cortes histol\uf3gicos. Os resultados indicaram que as fibras aumentaram em comprimento com a idade dos colmos, sendo o menor e maior comprimento de 3.266 e de 3.878,57 \u3bcm, verificado no 3o e 6o ano, respectivamente. As fibras apresentaram menor e maior espessura da parede no 6o e 2o anos, com valores de 7,11 e 10,46 \u3bcm, respectivamente. Os tecidos anat\uf4micos do colmo variaram de 12,8, 47,6 e 39,6 % para os feixes vasculares, fibras e par\ueanquima, respectivamente

Anatomical and energy characteristics of charcoal made from five species

Charcoal is an important energy raw material and its properties are influenced by the wood's anatomical and chemical composition and the production process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics, calorific power and volatiles and ash content of carbonized wood from Byrsonima spicata, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cecropia sciadophylla, Cochlospermum orinocense and Schefflera morototoni. The calorific power varied from 26,878 to 31,117 kJ kg-1; the content of volatile materials ranged from 20.9 to 31.7%; ash content ranged from 0.1 to 3.8%; and carbon content varied from 68.2 to 75.3%. Anatomical structures of charcoal can be used for species identification. The studied species are not indicated for charcoal production because the levels of ash and volatile compounds are higher than those recommended for charcoal produced for household use. In addition, the calorific power and level of carbon content are insufficient for use in the steel industry

AN\uc1LISE DAS CAUSAS DA DETERIORA\uc7\uc3O DOS POSTES DE MADEIRA DA ILHA DO MEL, PARAN\uc1, BRASIL

The objectives were the chemical quantification of preservatives, the anatomical identification of forest species and the principal decay agent identification of wood poles from an electric distribution system in 'Ilha do Mel', in the coast of Paran\ue1 state. It was also proposed a methodology to extend the poles useful life. The poles were anatomically characterized and the identification and the chemical quantification were done by colorimetric analysis and atomic absorption. The mean retention was evaluated by t test and comparison of groups was done by Fisher test. The decay agent identification was done by visual inspection, with little tools. The anatomical analysis identified the poles how Eucalyptus grandis species. The qualitative chemical tests showed cupper chromo arseniate (CCA) and cupper chromo borate (CCB) presence, with the retention index for CCA with lesser values than the minimum recommended by rule. The visual inspection results indicated woodpecker, fungi and termite attacks. To management model proposed integrated actions like raw material receiving, monitoring and pole maintenance.Objetivou-se a quantifica\ue7\ue3o qu\uedmica dos preservantes, identifica\ue7\ue3o anat\uf4mica da esp\ue9cie florestal e dos principais agentes deterioradores dos postes de madeira de uma rede de distribui\ue7\ue3o de energia el\ue9trica da Ilha do Mel, no litoral do Estado do Paran\ue1. Al\ue9m disso, foram propostas formas de prolongar a vida \ufatil do poste em uso. Os postes foram caracterizados anatomicamente e a identifica\ue7\ue3o e quantifica\ue7\ue3o qu\uedmica foram realizadas por meio de an\ue1lise colorim\ue9trica e absor\ue7\ue3o at\uf4mica. Avaliou-se a reten\ue7\ue3o m\ue9dia amostral pelo teste t de Student e na compara\ue7\ue3o entre os grupos foi aplicado o teste de Fisher. A identifica\ue7\ue3o dos agentes deterioradores foi realizada de acordo com a inspe\ue7\ue3o visual, com o aux\uedlio de pequenas ferramentas. As an\ue1lises anat\uf4micas identificaram os postes como sendo da esp\ue9cie Eucalyptus grandis . Os testes qu\uedmicos qualitativos revelaram a presen\ue7a de preservante arseniato de cobre cromatado (CCA) e borato de cobre cromatado (CCB) tendo os \uedndices de reten\ue7\ue3o para CCA apresentado valores inferiores ao m\uednimo recomendado. Os resultados da inspe\ue7\ue3o visual indicaram ataques por pica-paus, fungos e cupins. Para o modelo de gerenciamento foram propostas a\ue7\uf5es integradas desde o recebimento da mat\ue9ria-prima, monitoramento e manuten\ue7\ue3o dos postes

AN\uc1LISE DAS CAUSAS DA DETERIORA\uc7\uc3O DOS POSTES DE MADEIRA DA ILHA DO MEL, PARAN\uc1, BRASIL

Objetivou-se a quantifica\ue7\ue3o qu\uedmica dos preservantes, identifica\ue7\ue3o anat\uf4mica da esp\ue9cie florestal e dos principais agentes deterioradores dos postes de madeira de uma rede de distribui\ue7\ue3o de energia el\ue9trica da Ilha do Mel, no litoral do Estado do Paran\ue1. Al\ue9m disso, foram propostas formas de prolongar a vida \ufatil do poste em uso. Os postes foram caracterizados anatomicamente e a identifica\ue7\ue3o e quantifica\ue7\ue3o qu\uedmica foram realizadas por meio de an\ue1lise colorim\ue9trica e absor\ue7\ue3o at\uf4mica. Avaliou-se a reten\ue7\ue3o m\ue9dia amostral pelo teste t de Student e na compara\ue7\ue3o entre os grupos foi aplicado o teste de Fisher. A identifica\ue7\ue3o dos agentes deterioradores foi realizada de acordo com a inspe\ue7\ue3o visual, com o aux\uedlio de pequenas ferramentas. As an\ue1lises anat\uf4micas identificaram os postes como sendo da esp\ue9cie Eucalyptus grandis . Os testes qu\uedmicos qualitativos revelaram a presen\ue7a de preservante arseniato de cobre cromatado (CCA) e borato de cobre cromatado (CCB) tendo os \uedndices de reten\ue7\ue3o para CCA apresentado valores inferiores ao m\uednimo recomendado. Os resultados da inspe\ue7\ue3o visual indicaram ataques por pica-paus, fungos e cupins. Para o modelo de gerenciamento foram propostas a\ue7\uf5es integradas desde o recebimento da mat\ue9ria-prima, monitoramento e manuten\ue7\ue3o dos postes.The objectives were the chemical quantification of preservatives, the anatomical identification of forest species and the principal decay agent identification of wood poles from an electric distribution system in 'Ilha do Mel', in the coast of Paran\ue1 state. It was also proposed a methodology to extend the poles useful life. The poles were anatomically characterized and the identification and the chemical quantification were done by colorimetric analysis and atomic absorption. The mean retention was evaluated by t test and comparison of groups was done by Fisher test. The decay agent identification was done by visual inspection, with little tools. The anatomical analysis identified the poles how Eucalyptus grandis species. The qualitative chemical tests showed cupper chromo arseniate (CCA) and cupper chromo borate (CCB) presence, with the retention index for CCA with lesser values than the minimum recommended by rule. The visual inspection results indicated woodpecker, fungi and termite attacks. To management model proposed integrated actions like raw material receiving, monitoring and pole maintenance