EGFR阻害薬は表皮ブドウ球菌によるβディフェンシンの発現を選択的に抑制する

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) have developed as one of the potential treatment options for various kinds of cancers. Although a variety of dermatological adverse reactions such as follicular acneiform eruptions is commonly encountered, the mechanism of the reactions remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of EGFRIs on the expression of human β-defensins against staphylococci to study the pathomechanism of cutaneous adverse reactions caused by EGFRIs. METHODS: We investigated the expressions of human β-defensins 1, 2, and 3 (hBD1, 2, and 3) from staphylococci-stimulated normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) cultured with or without the effects of two EGFRIs, gefitinib and erlotinib. We stimulated NHEKs with the supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and S. epidermidis and the live staphylococci. We measured hBDs in the culture supernatants of NHEKs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: EGFRIs did not suppress the expressions of hBD1 and 3 induced by S. aureus. In contrast, EGFRIs suppressed the expressions of hBD2 and 3 induced by S. epidermidis. CONCLUSION: EGFRIs may cause cutaneous adverse effects through selectively perturbing innate immune responses induced by commensal and pathogenic bacteria.博士（医学）・乙第1423号・平成30年11月30日Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Music Education Curriculum in Various Countries: Comparison of Curricula with Respect to Content- and Competency-Based Ideas

In education, awareness has grown in recent years about the importance of cultivating competency (quality and ability) in addition to content (knowledge and skills). Accordingly, there is increased emphasis on a competency-based—rather than content-based—curriculum for all subjects. Competency here consists of generic competencies as well as subject-specific competencies. The present study aimed to clarify differences in the music curriculum of a number of countries with a focus on the content with respect to appraising and listening to music. The targeted countries were Japan, Germany (Hamburg), England, and the United States. This study attempted to define the subject-specific competencies in school music education in those places and examine whether they had content-based or competency-based music curricula. The curriculum in England includes many subject-specific competencies with respect to school music education. However, the curriculum does not include generic competencies. The school music curriculum in Germany includes subject-specific competencies. Some of those competencies are also connected to generic competencies. The music curriculum in the United States includes many generic competencies. Music knowledge is included among the content- based elements of the US curriculum, but there is no evidence of skill-related content. Japan has mainly a content-based music curriculum: there are no subject-specific or generic competencies in school music education

Copolymerization of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Iron–Corrole Complexes: Synthesis of a Crystalline Copolymer

Iron–corrole complexes were found to copolymerize epoxides with CO₂. The first iron-catalyzed propylene oxide/CO₂ copolymerization has been accomplished. Moreover, the glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE)/CO₂ copolymerization with this catalyst provided a crystalline material as a result of the isotactic poly­(GPE) moiety

A New Method for the Estimation of Coefficient of Variation of R-R Intervals by Means of Holter ECG : First Report. An Application for the Circadian Rhythm of Coefficient of Variation of R-R Intervals.

We developed a new system for the estimation of coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CV), using Holter ECG and personal computer. As an application of this system, circadian rhythm of CV was studied in 25 normal subjects with mean age of 36 years and 5 hyperthyroid patients with mean age of 41 years. When calculated with any basic heart pulses from 50 to 1000, CV was hardly changed in all position of standing, sitting, and lying in the daytime and sleeping at night. Then, according to previous reports, CV was calculated with the basic pulse of 100 through 24 hours. In the daytime, CV decreased when the mean heart rate increased in all subjects. In contrast with the daytime, two types of CV was shown during sleep at night ; In 18 normal subjects and 3 hypeythyroid patients, CV was prominently lower during sleep than in the daytime for the same mean heart rate (A type). And, in 7 normal subjects and 2 hyperthyroid patients, CV showed negative correlation with mean heart rate during sleep, as shown in the daytime (B type). It may be suggested that A type shows the suppressed activity of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems during the deep sleep, although sympathetic nerve activity was so sustained even during the deep sleep that parasympathetic nerve activity was also not suppressed in B type. These results suggest that this new system using Holter ECG is useful for detection of autonomic nerve function

xeroderma pigmentosum

XPC DNA repair gene mRNA levels in clinically normal parents o