5 research outputs found
Collocability of aspect in Czech
Tato práce si klade za cĂl pĹ™ispÄ›t k popisu kategorie slovesnĂ©ho vidu zpĹŻsobem alternativnĂm k zavedenĂ˝m postupĹŻm, kterĂ© vycházejĂ od morfologickĂ©ho utvářenĂ slovesa. VĂ˝chodiskem Ăşvah jsou dÄ›jovĂ© a stavovĂ© události, pĹ™iÄŤemĹľ hlavnĂ pozornost vÄ›nujeme stavĹŻm, jejich povaze, vzniku a zániku. V centru pozornosti je vyjadĹ™ovánĂ stavovĂ˝ch vĂ˝znamĹŻ predikáty morfologicky perfektivnĂch sloves. Za tĂmto účelem jsme provedli dvÄ› analĂ˝zy korpusovĂ˝ch dat (pĹ™edevšĂm SYN v7). V prvnĂ analĂ˝ze jsme posuzovali stavovĂ© versus dÄ›jovĂ© vĂ˝znamy v prĂ©zentnĂch a prĂ©teritnĂch tvarech kapacitiv. Tato analĂ˝za ukázala, Ĺľe kategorie ÄŤasu je dĹŻleĹľitĂ˝m faktorem pro vidovou interpretaci události. Druhá analĂ˝za se zaměřila na vidovou kolokaci, kterou mĹŻĹľeme nazvat aspektuálnĂ paradox, totiĹľ spojenĂ adverbia s vĂ˝znamem trvánĂ (napĹ™. stále) s morfologicky perfektivnĂm slovesem. Z tĂ©to analĂ˝zy vyplynulo, Ĺľe dalšĂm dĹŻleĹľitĂ˝m faktorem pro interpretaci události je modalita. VĂ˝sledkem analĂ˝zy sledovanĂ© kolokace je klasifikace stavovĂ˝ch vĂ˝znamĹŻ, kterĂ˝ch perfektiva v danĂ© kolokaci nabĂ˝vajĂ. Jedná se o vĂ˝znamy schopnosti, moĹľnosti existence, vlastnosti, kvantity aj. (celkem 11 stavovĂ˝ch vĂ˝znamĹŻ). Vedle toho se ukázalo, Ĺľe verba sentiendi a nÄ›která verba cogitandi se v kolokaci chovajĂ jinak neĹľ ostatnĂ morfologická perfektiva. PoslednĂ...The goal of the thesis is to contribute to the description of the category of aspect and to do so in an alternative way, i.e. without linking aspectual value of a sentence exclusively or directly to the morphological make-up of the verb. The starting point is the distinction between states and activities, i.e. between state and activity events. In the center of our attention are states, namely the way how states are expressed by perfective predicates. Two analyses of corpus data (SYN v7) were performed to pursue the issue. The first analysis focused on the occurrence of state and activity meanings of perfective forms of so-called capacitive verbs. It turns out that one of the decisive factors construing the aspectual meaning of a sentence is the category of tense. The other analysis focused on a collocation we have termed aspectual paradox. It combines durative adverbials (for instance stále) with perfective verbs in the framework of one construction. This analysis has demonstrated that another important factor involved in sentence aspectual construal is modality. Another outcome of this analysis is a classification of state meanings of the "durative adverbial + perfective" collocation. Eleven kinds of meanings were established: ability, possibility, existence, quality, quantity, etc. Verba...Institute of the Czech National CorpusĂšstav ÄŤeskĂ©ho národnĂho korpusuFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult
Clitics and Infinitive Vassals
Word order of Czech enclitics is quite difficult to acquire for studentsof Czech as foreign language. While native speakers can “hear” the correct word order, theforeigner needs a set of rules to guide him. The usual rule for the word order of fixed enclitics seemsto be breached quite often. The article focuses on one type of sentences in which the rule for theword order of fixed enclitics is violated, namely in sentences which except for a finite verb includean infinitive and consequently two series of enclitics. The finite verb and the infinitive each syntacticallygovern (are governor to) their respective enclitics which in turn are their subjects (recta). Ifthe infinitive is part of the sentence predicate, the enclitics follow the usual rule of word order unlessthe infinitive becomes part of the sentence rhema (comments). In that case its subjects precedeit. If the infinitive is not part of the sentence predicate (in other words it is subject, object or complement),precedes it then the infinitive subjects follow it. However, if the infinitive is not part ofthe sentence predicate, and is placed at the sentence end, then its subjects precede it. If the infinitivefunctions as an attribute to a noun, it follows the noun. If the nominal phrase N + infinitivestarts a sentence then the reflexive particle se/si follows the infinitive in 98% of cases. If the encliticpersonal pronouns occur in the reversed order, i.e. Acc.–Dat. order, or two dative enclitics followone immediately after another then the enclitics subjects are as close as possible to their regens/governor. The so-called contact dative, which does not have a governor, is not bound in this way10912
PĹ™Ăklonky a vazaly infinitivu : Clitics and Infinitive Vassals
Word order of Czech enclitics is quite difficult to acquire for students
of Czech as foreign language. While native speakers can “hear” the correct word order, the
foreigner needs a set of rules to guide him. The usual rule for the word order of fixed enclitics seems
to be breached quite often. The article focuses on one type of sentences in which the rule for the
word order of fixed enclitics is violated, namely in sentences which except for a finite verb include
an infinitive and consequently two series of enclitics. The finite verb and the infinitive each syntactically
govern (are governor to) their respective enclitics which in turn are their subjects (recta). If
the infinitive is part of the sentence predicate, the enclitics follow the usual rule of word order unless
the infinitive becomes part of the sentence rhema (comments). In that case its subjects precede
it. If the infinitive is not part of the sentence predicate (in other words it is subject, object or complement),
precedes it then the infinitive subjects follow it. However, if the infinitive is not part of
the sentence predicate, and is placed at the sentence end, then its subjects precede it. If the infinitive
functions as an attribute to a noun, it follows the noun. If the nominal phrase N + infinitive
starts a sentence then the reflexive particle se/si follows the infinitive in 98% of cases. If the enclitic
personal pronouns occur in the reversed order, i.e. Acc.–Dat. order, or two dative enclitics follow
one immediately after another then the enclitics subjects are as close as possible to their regens/
governor. The so-called contact dative, which does not have a governor, is not bound in this wa
Collocability of aspect in Czech
The goal of the thesis is to contribute to the description of the category of aspect and to do so in an alternative way, i.e. without linking aspectual value of a sentence exclusively or directly to the morphological make-up of the verb. The starting point is the distinction between states and activities, i.e. between state and activity events. In the center of our attention are states, namely the way how states are expressed by perfective predicates. Two analyses of corpus data (SYN v7) were performed to pursue the issue. The first analysis focused on the occurrence of state and activity meanings of perfective forms of so-called capacitive verbs. It turns out that one of the decisive factors construing the aspectual meaning of a sentence is the category of tense. The other analysis focused on a collocation we have termed aspectual paradox. It combines durative adverbials (for instance stále) with perfective verbs in the framework of one construction. This analysis has demonstrated that another important factor involved in sentence aspectual construal is modality. Another outcome of this analysis is a classification of state meanings of the "durative adverbial + perfective" collocation. Eleven kinds of meanings were established: ability, possibility, existence, quality, quantity, etc. Verba..