Effect of darting phenomenon of African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis (Burchell 1822) on growth performance of Nile tilapia: Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Replicate Ponds of 0.02ha stocked at 500 catfishes with 20,000 tilapia/ha were used to assess growth performance of O.niloticus, average weight 50.4g with (i) darted catfish; H.longifilis (shooters) average weight 60.3g (ii) non-shooters of H.longifilis, average weight 35.4g. Final mean weight, mean growth rate, specific growth rate and food conversion ratio were 499.5g 26g/day, 1.36% and 5.58% respectively for O.niloticus stocked with longifilis (shooters) and 440.4g 2.3g/day 1.23% and 5.58% respectively for O.niloticus stocked with H.longifilis (non- shooters) and 246.9g, 1.2g/day, 0.93, 6.30% respectively for tilapia in monoculture. The least growth was noted for O. niloticus in monoculture while the best growth was recorded O. niloticus in polyculture with darted catfis

Male responsibility and maternal morbidity: a cross-sectional study in two Nigerian states

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nigeria continues to have high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. This is partly associated with lack of adequate obstetric care, partly with high risks in pregnancy, including heavy work. We examined actionable risk factors and underlying determinants at community level in Bauchi and Cross River States of Nigeria, including several related to male responsibility in pregnancy.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>In 2009, field teams visited a stratified (urban/rural) last stage random sample of 180 enumeration areas drawn from the most recent censuses in each of Bauchi and Cross River states. A structured questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews with women aged 15-49 years documented education, income, recent birth history, knowledge and attitudes related to safe birth, and deliveries in the last three years. Closed questions covered female genital mutilation, intimate partner violence (IPV) in the last year, IPV during the last pregnancy, work during the last pregnancy, and support during pregnancy. The outcome was complications in pregnancy and delivery (eclampsia, sepsis, bleeding) among survivors of childbirth in the last three years. We adjusted bivariate and multivariate analysis for clustering.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The most consistent and prominent of 28 candidate risk factors and underlying determinants for non-fatal maternal morbidity was intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy (ORa 2.15, 95%CIca 1.43-3.24 in Bauchi and ORa 1.5, 95%CI 1.20-2.03 in Cross River). Other spouse-related factors in the multivariate model included not discussing pregnancy with the spouse and, independently, IPV in the last year. Shortage of food in the last week was a factor in both Bauchi (ORa 1.66, 95%CIca 1.22-2.26) and Cross River (ORa 1.32, 95%CIca 1.15-1.53). Female genital mutilation was a factor among less well to do Bauchi women (ORa 2.1, 95%CIca 1.39-3.17) and all Cross River women (ORa 1.23, 95%CIca 1.1-1.5).</p> <p>Interpretation</p> <p>Enhancing clinical protocols and skills can only benefit women in Nigeria and elsewhere. But the violence women experience throughout their lives – genital mutilation, domestic violence, and steep power gradients – is accentuated through pregnancy and childbirth, when women are most vulnerable. IPV especially in pregnancy, women's fear of husbands or partners and not discussing pregnancy are all within men's capacity to change.</p

Typhoid Enteric Perforation in Children in Calabar, Nigeria

Typhoid enteric perforation, a severely debilitating illness with a high mortality rate in children was studied in Calabar. The aim of the study was to determine the role that ingestion of herbal preparations, laxatives and enemas has on perforation and whether there is a relationship between the observed perforation and its occurrence within the first week of illness. Fifty-two patients with typhoid enteric perforations were selected from a pool of 178 cases of acute abdomen in children. Clinical, laboratory and radiological assessments were used to diagnose the condition and confirmation obtained intra-operatively. Results showed a male: female ratio of 3:1; with delayed presentation after 6 hours being a common feature in all patients with perforations. Sixty-three percent of the patients who were perforated had either consulted a traditional healer or chemist and had ingested a herbal concoction, a laxative or had an enema administered to them. Mortality was also higher within this group. Early resuscitation and surgical intervention within 24 hours of onset of illness led to a significant reduction in mortality. Seasonal variation was noted in the occurrence of typhoid fever. It was rampant during the dry season but rare during the rainy season. Key words: typhoid perforation, traditional healers, late presentation, seasonal variation Journal of Medical Laboratory Sciences Vol.12(1) 2003: 41-4

Urethral prolapse: A case report and commentrary on management

Urethral prolapse is a relatively uncommon condition manifesting itself as a circumferential protrusion of the distal urethra through the external urethral meatus. The exact etiology remains unknown. It is diagnosed at examination under anesthesia and may be complicated by strangulation. Treatment ranges from conservative to surgical approaches. Herein we present the case of a pre-pubertal girl with a strangulated prolapse, to our knowledge the first case of urethral prolapse reported in Nigeria. Le prolapsus urétral est relativement rare se manifestant comme une protrusion circulaire de l'urètre distal par le méat urétral externe. L'étiologie exacte demeure inconnue. On diagnostique le prolapsus urétral à l'examen sous l'anesthésie et il peut être compliqué d'étranglement. Le traitement est conservateur ou chirurgical. Nous présentons le cas d'une fille pré-pubère avec un prolapsus étranglé, à notre connaissance il s'agit du premier cas de prolapsus urétral enregistré au Nigéria African Journal of Urology Vol. 13 (1) 2007: pp. 50-5

Dynamics of the limnological features and diversity of zooplankton populations of the Cross River System SE Nigeria

Physico-chemical factors and zooplankton diversity were investigated over a two year period in three regions along the 200 km length of Cross River. The objective of the study was to quantify the relative importance of local environmental conditions and diversity of the principal zooplankton species within sampling sites. Mean conductivity, TDS and chlorides were highest upriver with values 289 ± 198 µs·cm–1, 322.9 ± 101 mg·L–1, and 105.8 ± 77.3 mg·L–1 and lowest downriver with 123.5 ± 78.9 mg·L–1, 45.8 ± 23.7 mg·L–1 and 109 ± 89 µs·cm–1 respectively. Values of wet season water conductivity (406 ± 178 µs·cm–1), TDS (420.4 ± 267 mg·L–1), alkalinity (289.9 ± 34.7), total hardness (205.8 ± 37 mg·L–1), BOD (1.7 ± 0.2), chlorides (205.8 ± 37) and ammonium ions (0.2 ± 0.1 mg·L–1) were significantly higher than dry season values of 156 ± 78.5 µs·cm–1, 0.2 ± 0.1, 123.8 ± 15, 101.4 ± 87.9, 0.2 ± 0.1, 78.1 ± 34.8 and 0.1 ± 0.1 mg·L–1 respectively. Out of twenty seven (27) zooplankton species identified Cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia, Evadne, Alona sp.) and Decapods (Lucifer, Penaeid nauphlius, and Hermit crab larva) were the most diverse taxonomic group, while Tintinnopsis was the only Ciliate. Rainfall value was positively correlated with hydrological characteristics (size of river, flow velocity, water level, and transparency), which in turn determined values of physico-chemical properties and explained the observed seasonal and spatial changes in zooplankton diversity. Though water quality parameters were within the limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Economic Community (EEC) for good water, the changes in hydrological features of Cross River could be suspected to provide highly unstable aquatic habitat that could subsequently affect the stability of zooplankton and other aquatic organisms

Dynamics of the limnological features and diversity of zooplankton populations of the Cross River System SE Nigeria

Physico-chemical factors and zooplankton diversity were investigated over a two year period in three regions along the 200 km length of Cross River. The objective of the study was to quantify the relative importance of local environmental conditions and diversity of the principal zooplankton species within sampling sites. Mean conductivity, TDS and chlorides were highest upriver with values 289 ± 198 µs·cm–1, 322.9 ± 101 mg·L–1, and 105.8 ± 77.3 mg·L–1 and lowest downriver with 123.5 ± 78.9 mg·L–1, 45.8 ± 23.7 mg·L–1 and 109 ± 89 µs·cm–1 respectively. Values of wet season water conductivity (406 ± 178 µs·cm–1), TDS (420.4 ± 267 mg·L–1), alkalinity (289.9 ± 34.7), total hardness (205.8 ± 37 mg·L–1), BOD (1.7 ± 0.2), chlorides (205.8 ± 37) and ammonium ions (0.2 ± 0.1 mg·L–1) were significantly higher than dry season values of 156 ± 78.5 µs·cm–1, 0.2 ± 0.1, 123.8 ± 15, 101.4 ± 87.9, 0.2 ± 0.1, 78.1 ± 34.8 and 0.1 ± 0.1 mg·L–1 respectively. Out of twenty seven (27) zooplankton species identified Cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia, Evadne, Alona sp.) and Decapods (Lucifer, Penaeid nauphlius, and Hermit crab larva) were the most diverse taxonomic group, while Tintinnopsis was the only Ciliate. Rainfall value was positively correlated with hydrological characteristics (size of river, flow velocity, water level, and transparency), which in turn determined values of physico-chemical properties and explained the observed seasonal and spatial changes in zooplankton diversity. Though water quality parameters were within the limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Economic Community (EEC) for good water, the changes in hydrological features of Cross River could be suspected to provide highly unstable aquatic habitat that could subsequently affect the stability of zooplankton and other aquatic organisms

Corrosion inhibition properties of thiosemicarbozone and semicarbazone derivatives in concentrated acid environment

No Abstract. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Physics Vol. 14 (1) 2008 pp. 89-9