PROBLEMS OF TECHNICAL REGULATION IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AG

В настоящей статье рассматриваются проблемы технического регулирования в век информационных технологий. Авторами были выявлены основные проблемы и предложены пути их решения для модернизации сферы технического регулирования.This article discusses the problems of technical regulation in the age of information technology. The authors identified the main problems and proposed ways to solve them for the modernization of the sphere of technical regulation

DIGITAL TWINS – THE NEXT STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS?

В настоящей статье рассматривается как технология цифровых двойников может повлиять на развитие систем управления технологическими процессам. Описываются преимущества и особенности использования теории управления на примере сравнения АСУТП и цифрового двойника.This article discusses how digital twin technology can influence the development of process control systems. The advantages and features of using control theory are described using the example of a comparison of process control systems and a digital twin

IMPROVING PRODUCT QUALITY IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY ERA

В настоящей статье рассматривается возможность повышения качества продукции путем реализации системы «честный знак» с применением цифровых технологий. Авторами были выдвинуты предложения по внедрению или гармонизации с существующими системами системы «честный знак» на всей территории ЕАЭС. Впоследствии применения «честного знака» в ЕАЭС ускорится оборот товаров между странами участницами ЕАЭС.This article discusses the possibility of improving the quality of products by implementing the "honest sign" system using digital technologies. The authors put forward proposals for the implementation or harmonization with existing systems of the "honest sign" system throughout the EAEU. After the application of the "fair sign" in the EAEU, the turnover of goods between the EAEU member states will accelerate

Current status of healthcare-associated enteroviral (non-polio) infections

Here we present the data on foreign research publications describing healthcare-associated enteroviral (nonpolio) infections (HAI) sought in the Worldwide Database for Nosocomial Outbreaks (Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitȁtmedizincomplex “Charite”, Germany) as well as PubMed search engine (The United States National Library), covering 1936–2017 timeframe. The publications retrieved contained the data on 28 nosocomial outbreaks caused by Enterovirus A (EV-A71), В (Echoviruses 11, 17, 18, 30, 31, 33, Coxsackie viruses А9, В2, В5) and D (EV-D68). It was discovered that the majority of the nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks occurred in obstetric hospitals and neonatal units so that children were mainly maternally infected. In addition, a case associated with intrauterine infection was described. It was shown that outbreaks might be started by an infected child at the incubation period. Single publications reported nosocomial outbreaks in geriatric hospitals. Generally, nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks were characterized by polymorphic clinical picture caused by any certain pathogen serotype and within a single site of the infection. Few lethal outcomes were recorded. Enterovirus B species dominated among identified etiological agents. Violated hospital hygiene and infection control contributing to spread of infection were among those found in neonatal units: putting used diapers out on baby bed prior disposal, sharing bathtub, toys and household objects as well as poor hand hygiene in medical workers. One of the measures recommended to improve diagnostics of enteroviral (non-polio) infections was virology screening of children with suspected sepsis in case of unidentified etiology. It was established that etiological decoding of nosocomial outbreaks was impossible without applying pathogen-specific diagnostic tools, mainly nested RT-PCR and direct sequencing of followed by subsequent phylogenetic analysis

Application of Mobile Learning Technologies in the Educational Process of a Higher Education Institution

В статье поднимается вопрос об актуальности внедрения в подготовку профессиональных кадров технологий мобильного обучения или m-learning. Предлагаются ход и результаты авторского исследования мобильного приложения как инструмента обучающей и учебной деятельности в организациях высшего образования. Дается обоснование проекта по внедрению мобильных приложений как аналогов учебно-методических комплексов к отдельным элементам образовательной программы высшего учебного заведения.The article raises the question of the relevance of introducing mobile learning technologies or m-learning into the training of professional personnel. The course and results of the author's research of a mobile application as a tool for teaching and learning activities in higher education organizations are proposed. The substantiation of the project for the introduction of mobile applications as analogues of educational and methodological complexes to individual elements of the educational program of a higher educational institution is given

Effects of growth factors during in vitro culture of mouse and rat embryos

In vitro culture of preimplantation embryos of ICR, HT1AN/Icgn, HT1AC/Icgn and C57BL/6J-Ay mouse strains as well as in OXYS/Icgn rat strain in media containing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been studied. Both mouse and rat embryos were first frozen in a programmable freezer after a standard protocol using a mixture of glycerol and sucrose as cryoprotectants, thawed and cultured in vitro in R1ECM (rat one-cell embryo culture medium) for 24 hours (mice) and 72 hours (rats). For the in vitro culture experiments with these growth factors, 8-cell frozen-thawed mouse embryos and 2–4-cell frozen-thawed rat embryos were used. Supplementation of the culture medium with GM-CSF improved the rate of embryonic development in HT1AC/Icgn and C57BL/6J-Ay strain mice, while EGF had no effect. The reverse was true of the rats. Supplementation of the culture medium with EGF increased the percentage of deve­loping blastocysts in OXYS/Icgn rat strain, while GM-CSF had no effect. Co-culture of four-cell embryos of HT1AN/ Icgn strain mice with more advanced embryonic stages (morulas) of a different strain ICR led to the facilitation preimplantation embryo development. Experimental results presented here reveal the species-specific effects of growth factors on mouse and rat embryos and indicate that co-culture of different stages of embryo development have stimulatory effects on earlier stages

A comparison of different cryoprotectant solutions and thawing methods for cryo­preservation of embryos of mice and rats

The proper choice of cryoprotectant and thawing method affects cryopreservation efficiency. A freezing-thawing method for sparing embryonic cells was evaluated in experiments with ICR mice. Cleavage-stage embryos of ICR mice, GC rats, and OXYS rats were collected on Day 3 of pregnancy and frozen in plastic straws according to a standard protocol. Permeating (ethylene glycol and glycerol) and nonpermeating (sucrose) cryoprotectants and their combinations were compared during the freezing of ICR mouse embryos. With these mice, two thawing methods were compared: rapid (water bath, 10 s, 37 °С) and slow (40 s, room temperature; 40 s, 30 °С). Embryo viability in mice and rats was evaluated by their in vitro culturing after thawing. Our data on mice indicate that slow thawing is more suitable for sparing the integrity of embryonic cells; moreover, supplementation of the main cryoprotectant (either ethylene glycol or glycerol) with sucrose is beneficial for subsequent in vitro culture, especially in the case of glycerol. This freezing-thawing protocol (with glycerol and sucrose as cryoprotectant agents and slow thawing) was applied to rats of the GC and OXYS strains; the survival rate after cryopreservation was 68–83.3 %, and the rate of in vitro development was 64.7–66.6 %

Psycho-emotional stress, folliculogenesis, and reproductive technologies: clinical and experimental data

Modern life, especially in large cities, exposes people to a high level of noise, high density of population, disrupted sleeping, large amount of excessive and controversial information as well as to other negative factors; all this may cause chronic psycho-emotional stress. The latest publications often use the term “Syndrome of megalopolis”, which means disruption of sleeping, high anxiety, and altered reproductive function. Medical treatment of infertility may also be considered as a stress factor, especially when infertility lasts for years and is aggravated with emotional frustration. Long-lasting distress may worsen health in general and suppress reproductive function, in particular. The review presents the data on the effects of maternal stress on folliculogenesis, especially when assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are used. Clinical data are presented alongside data from laboratory animal experiments. Different maternal stress models are taken into account in respect of their inf luence on oocyte maturation and embryo development. The interfering of psycho-emotional stress and reproductive function is the focus of the review. In these situations, exogenous hormones compensate for the stress-related disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. When ARTs are implemented, stress-induced disruption of oogenesis is realized not via a decrease in hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, but by other ways, which involve paracrine mechanisms described in this review. Based on the literature analysis, one may conclude that stress negatively affects oocyte maturation in the ovary and suppresses subsequent embryo development. The role of some ovarian paracrine factors, such as BDNF, GDF-9, HB-EGF, TNF-α, and some others has been elucidated

ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LEVEL OF THE TR EAEU 040/2016

В статье рассматривается необходимость проведения оценки научно технического уровня Технических регламентов Таможенного союза, на примере ТР ЕАЭС 040/2016 для поддержания актуальности их требований и соответствия научно- техническому развитию стран- членов ЕАЭС. Приведены критерии проведения оценки НТУ. По результатам даны предложения изменений в ТР ЕАЭС 040/2016.The article considers the need to assess the scientific and technical level of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union, using the example of the TR EAEU 040/2016 to maintain the relevance of their requirements and compliance with the scientific and technical development of the EAEU member states. The criteria for the evaluation of NTU are given. Based on the results, proposals for amendments to the TR EAEU 040/2016 are given

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro preimplantation embryo development in OXYS and WAG rats

OXYS rats are the model of precocious senescence. Numerous studies addressed physiology and behavior in rats of this strain during a postnatal period of their life, however, preimplantation development in OXYS rats has not yet been investigated. This study is addressing preimplantation embryonic development in OXYS rats both in vivo and in vitro. Rats of the WAG strain were used as controls. For studying the in vivo development, the embryos were collected from OXYS and WAG rats on day 5 post coitum, the stages of embryo development were estimated, the percentage of embryos at blastocyst stage and the cell numbers in these blastocysts were counted. In a special experiment, for studying in vitro development, the embryos were collected from both rat strains on day 4 post coitum and were cultured in vitro in P1 medium for 48 hours with or without supplementation with IGF-1 (200 ng/mL). Thereafter the percentage of embryos at blastocyst stage and the cell numbers in these blastocysts were counted in the same manner as for the in vivo experiment. This study reports that in vivo derived blastocysts of OXYS rats contain fewer cells on day 5 of their development than in vivo derived blastocysts of WAG rats. In vitro culture of the early preimplantation embryos in P1 medium mitigated the difference in the rate of embryo development between these two strains, the addition of IGF-1 into culture medium exerts neither negative nor positive effect on the rate of in vitro embryo development in rats of both strains