Determination of toxic effects of commercial and local mosquito repellents in Oryctolagus cuniculus (New Zealand white)

Mosquito coils are slow-burning products which release smoke containing one or more insecticides. It burns for several hours in a confined place in order to provide protection against mosquitoes which spread diseases like malaria. The present study examined the in vivo effect of inhaling mosquito coil and two locally made mosquito repellents on liver function and haematology parameters of adult male rabbits. A total of 16 rabbits were divided into four groups i.e. groups A, B, C and D. Groups A, B and C were exposed to mosquito coil, rice husk and oranges peels respectively for 8 hours daily. Group D was not exposed and served as a negative control. The rabbits were exposed for four weeks. On day 29 blood samples were collected from the ear pinna of rabbits for haematology and liver function tests. It was observed that both haematological and biochemical results showed varying indices from that of the negative control. However only the group exposed to orange peels (group C) presented a statistically significant difference at P< 0.05 in lowering the blood glucose levels. Elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase were seen with statistical significance at P < 0.05 between the group exposed to rice husk and the control and also between the rice husk and mosquito coil groups respectively. The results showed increased levels of alanine aminotransferase which could indicate acute liver problems in the rice husk treated group. It is also worthy of note that the glucose levels were lowered in the group treated with orange peels. However there was evidence of toxicity in all treated groups.Keywords: Haematology, Liver function, Mosquito repellent, Oranges peels, Rice husk, Toxicit

Inquiry into the defining conditions of knowledge claim: an exercise from the perspective of integrative epistemology1

No Abstrac

Construction of Association Scheme Using Some (123)-avoiding Class of Aunu Patterns

This paper presents some backgrounds research on association scheme using a class of (123)-avoiding pattern of Aunu numbers as an application area. It also attempts to highlight some further applications in other set structures. The finding in this research has shown that there is some interrelationship between the succession scheme used in generating Aunu numbers and the concept of association scheme. This research also shows us that the Aunu patterns can be used in design theory

A New Generating Function for Aunu Patterns: Applications in Integer Group Modulo n

This paper identified a new and more generalised generating function for the Aunu Patterns which is based on the methods employed earlier by Garba. It also identified and discussed some other theoretic properties of the Aunu Patterns and Aunu Groups especially in relation to integer modulo groups

Auto-encoder based deep learning for surface electromyography signal processing

© 2018 Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems. All Rights Reserved. Feature extraction is taking a very vital and essential part of bio-signal processing. We need to choose one of two paths to identify and select features in any system. The most popular track is engineering handcrafted, which mainly depends on the user experience and the field of application. While the other path is feature learning, which depends on training the system on recognising and picking the best features that match the application. The main concept of feature learning is to create a model that is expected to be able to learn the best features without any human intervention instead of recourse the traditional methods for feature extraction or reduction and avoid dealing with feature extraction that depends on researcher experience. In this paper, Auto-Encoder will be utilised as a feature learning algorithm to practice the recommended model to excerpt the useful features from the surface electromyography signal. Deep learning method will be suggested by using Auto-Encoder to learn features. Wavelet Packet, Spectrogram, and Wavelet will be employed to represent the surface electromyography signal in our recommended model. Then, the newly represented bio-signal will be fed to stacked autoencoder (2 stages) to learn features and finally, the behaviour of the proposed algorithm will be estimated by hiring different classifiers such as Extreme Learning Machine, Support Vector Machine, and SoftMax Layer. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) will be created as an activation function for extreme learning machine classifier besides existing functions such as sigmoid and radial basis function. ReLU will show a better classification ability than sigmoid and Radial basis function (RBF) for wavelet, Wavelet scale 5 and wavelet packet signal representations implemented techniques. ReLU will illustrate better classification ability, as an activation function, than sigmoid and poorer than RBF for spectrogram signal representation. Both confidence interval and Analysis of Variance will be estimated for different classifiers. Classifier fusion layer will be implemented to glean the classifier which will progress the best accuracies' values for both testing and training to develop the results. Classifier fusion layer brought an encouraging value for both accuracies either training or testing ones

HAMBATAN KOMUNIKASI ANTAR BUDAYA PADA ASPEK RAS (Analisis Kritis pada Kasus Indonesia – TiongHoa)

AbstractThis writing aimed for describing cultural diversity in Indonesia where there is too much obstacle to deal with on the cross-cultural communications of domain. This writing tended to look for the obstacle happened between both Indonesia and Tionghoa on the framework of Cross-cultural Communications within the ethnics. Research methods used here is article analyzing based on documentation. The article shown on Kompas, Sunday, November 4th 2007 namely “ Claudine Salmon Menguak Sejarah Tionghoa”. The result of analysis would prove that Indonesian ethnocentrism is still in the state of persistent, thus Indonesian tends to feel better yet best of all. The most prominent factor on Cross-cultural communications among Indonesian and Chinese is that there is those much prejudice. This thing is able to be seen of the behaviour towards chinese, for some instances are they could not be civil servants or even indonesian army. Then it comes to an end of this research. The end of this research is Indonesian do consider that chinese have got much diversity within them to be particular within values and beliefs they usually do embrace, so that it emerges the obstacles in communicating well at the very context of personal, group, organization, or mass communications. (Latar belakang tulisan ini adalah keberagaman budaya di Indonesia yang sangat luas sehingga menimbulkan berbagai hambatan yang seringkali dijumpai dalam Komunikasi antar Budaya. Tujuan penulisan ingin melihat sejauhmana hambatan yang terjadi antara Indonesia dengan Tionghoa dalam kerangka Komunikasi Antar Budaya dalam aspek Ras. Metodologi penulisan menggunakan studi Dokumentasi dengan menganalisis artikel yang terdapat di Surat kabar Kompas Minggu 4 November 2007 pada hal 12 dengan judul ” Claudine Salmon Menguak Sejarah Indonesia Tionghoa”. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa etnocentrisme orang-orang Indonesia masih sangat kuat, sehingga orang-orang Indonesia ini cenderung merasa yang paling baik dan paling benar, Faktor yang paling menonjol dalam komunikasi antar budaya antara orang Indonesia dengan orang Tionghoa ini adalah adanya prasangka yang berlebihan. Hal ini  bisa dilihat dari sikap orang Indonesia yang tidak adil terhadap orang tionghoa, misalnya tidak bisa menjadi PNS atau TNI. Kesimpulan dari analisis artikel tersebut adalah orang-orang Indonesia menganggap bahwa orang tionghoa ini mempunyai banyak perbedaan terutama dalam hal nilai-nilai dan kepercayaan yang mereka anut, sehingga memunculkan hambatan dalam berkomunikasi baik dalam konteks antar pribadi, kelompok, organisasi atau komunikasi massa.) Key Words : Komunikasi Antar Budaya, Aspek Ras, Indonesia-Tiongho

The Accessory Nerve

The radical neck dissection (RND) in the management of head and neck cancers may be done in the expense of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) 1. De-innervations of the muscles supplied by SAN and integrated in the movements of the shoulder joint, often result in shoulder dysfunction. Usually the result is shoulder syndrome which subsequently affects the quality of  life1. The modified radical neck dissections (MRND) and selective neck dissection (SND) intend to minimize the dysfunction of the shoulder by preserving the SAN, especially in supra-hyoid neck dissection (Level I-III±IV) and lateral neck dissection (level II-IV)2, 3. This article aims to focus on the SAN to increase the awareness during MRND and SND.Keywords: Spinal accessory, Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius, Cervical plexus

“Non-functioning” Kidneys in Excretory Urography: Caution is the word!

Significant loss of renal function is objectively diagnosed with radioisotope renal scintigraphy. In many developing countries radioisotope study is notreadily available and the diagnosis of non-functioning kidney is often based on intravenous urography. We retrospectively reviewed the case notes of three patients that were diagnosed with ‘non-functioning’ kidneys based on intravenous contrast renal imaging but had salvage procedure for the renalmoiety. In the absence of radioisotope study, some restrain is advocated for nephrectomy, for ‘non-functioning kidney’, based solely on the result ofintravenous urography

Diabetic Septic Foot in Omdurman Teaching Hospital

Objective: To audit the management of diabetic septic foot [DSF] lesions in Omdurman Teaching Hospital, usingWagner classification. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study on 208 patients with DSF admitted to Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Sudan between June 2006 and May 2007. Data were analyzed manually Results: The male to female ratio was 2:1. The mean age± SD was 56 ± 12.35 year. 16.8% patients were grade 1. 33 (15.9%) patients were grade 2. grades 3, 4, 5 patients were 66 (37 %), 38 (18.3%) and 36 (17.3%) respectively. Major lower limb amputation and mortality were 19.2%, and 6.7% respectively.Conclusion: Preventive measures for patients at risk are highly needed as well early presentation isencouraged when ulcer develops in diabetic foot to avoid subsequent complications.Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic septic foot, amputatio

Rare Occurrence of Mix Stromal Tumours: A Case Report Of Gastrointestinal and Extra-Intestinal Stromal Tumour on the Jejunum And Omentum of a Nine Year Old Girl From Adamawa State, Nigeria

Background: Stromal tumors of the jejunum (GIST) and omentum (EGIST) are uncommon and dearth of information still exists on their occurrence concurrently.Case details: Here, we report a nine year old girl that presented with tender abdominal mass measuring 14 x 8 cm associated with features of gastric outlet obstruction and hyponatremia of 115mmol/L. A diagnosis of hyponatremia in a child with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to intraabdominal mass was made for which exploratory laparotomy was carried out. Histology of the tumour revealed stromal spindle epithelioid as well as myxoid cells. Complete resection of the tumour and correction for hyponatremia was done in addition to antibiotics therapy with remarkable improvement.Conclusion: Index case is that of mixed stromal tumours that presented with features of gastric outlet obstruction, and the patient did well after surgery.Keywords: Gastrointestinal/extraintestinal stromal tumors, Jejunum,  Omentum, Paediatrics, Adamawa state, Nigeria