121 research outputs found
A modified sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) technique in non-palpable breast cancer. A pilot study
Background: The spread of mammographic screening programs has allowed an increasing amount of early breast
cancer diagnosis. A modern approach to non-palpable breast lesions requires an accurate intraoperative localization, in
order to achieve a complete surgical resection. In addiction, the assessment of lymph node status is mandatory as it
represents a major prognostic factor in these patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of a modified
technical approach using a single nanocolloidal radiotracer to localize both sentinel node and breast occult lesion.
Methods: Twenty-five patients with a single non-palpable breast lesions and clinically negative axilla were enrolled. In the
same day of surgery, patients underwent intratumoral and peritumoral administration of 99mTc-labeled nanocolloid tracer
under sonographic guidance. A lymphoscintigraphy was performed to localize the sentinel lymph node and its cutaneous
projection was marked on the skin in order to guide the surgeon to an optimal incision. During surgery an hand-held
gamma-detection probe was used to select the best surgical access route and to guide localization of both occult breast
lesion and sentinel lymph node. After specimen excision, the surgical field was checked with the gamma-probe to verify
the absence of residual sources of significant radioactivity, thereby ensuring a radical treatment in a single surgical session
and minimizing normal tissue excision.
Results: Both targeted breast lesion and sentinel lymph node were localized and removed at the first attempt in every
patients and histopathological diagnosis of malignancy was confirmed in 25/26 samples. Non-palpable lesions were
included within the surgical margins in all patients and in all samples surgical margins were free from neoplastic infiltration
thus avoiding any further reintervention. Only two patients showed metastatic involvement of sentinel lymph node.
Conclusions: The modified sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) technique performed with a single
injection of nanocolloidal radiotracer has shown an excellent intraoperative identification rate of both non-palpable lesion
and sentinel lymph node. This procedure offers, as opposed to standard techniques, an accurate, simple and reliable
approach to the management of non-palpable breast cancer
Chloride Balance in Preterm Infants during the First Week of Life
Objective. To describe the chloride balance in infants born 25–32-week gestation, analyze the association of chloride changes with hydroelectrolytic status and their relationship with perinatal conditions, morbidities, and neurological outcome. Methods. For 7 days after birth, sodium and chloride balance, plasma potassium, phosphate, and total carbon dioxide (tCO2) were prospectively determined and strong ion difference (SID) calculated. Three multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with high plasma chloride concentration, low SID, and low tCO2. Results. 107 infants were studied. Plasma chloride concentration was significantly positively associated with plasma sodium concentration. Higher plasma chloride and lower SID were significantly associated with lower plasma tCO2. Chloride intake was the main independent factor associated with high plasma chloride, low SID, and low plasma tCO2, with lesser contribution of sodium intake and low gestational age (GA). Also, patent ductus arteriosus and birth weight loss were independent factors affecting plasma chloride and SID. Neither high chloride levels nor low SID were associated to impaired neurological outcome. Conclusions. In preterm infants, chloride balance is influenced by GA and by interrelationship between sodium and chloride intake. High chloride levels are associated with metabolic acidosis but not related to increased risk of impaired neurological outcome
Facteurs cliniques périnatals et paramètres biologiques prédictifs du pronostic chez l'enfant prématuré
L objectif de ce travail était de décrire les facteurs biologiques précoces influençant le pronostic des enfants grands prématurés. A partir d une population de 1 067 enfants admis en réanimation néonatale au CHU de Dijon de 2001 à 2008 et faisant l objet d un recueil prospectif de données clinico-biologiques périnatales, deux objectifs de recherche ont été identifiés : 1) évaluer l impact des troubles de la chlorémie au cours de l adaptation postnatale sur la morbidité neurologique; 2) caractériser la possible association entre l hypoprotidémie du premier jour de vie(J1) et le pronostic défavorable. Ces objectifs ont été approfondis dans 4 études, réalisées sur la population initiale et sur 3 autres cohortes de grands prématurés. Nous avons observé que l hyperchlorémie entraine une acidose métabolique sévère dans les 7 à 10 premiers jours de vie sans que ceci ne s associe à un pronostic neurologique défavorable (hémorragie intraventriculaire et/ou paralysie cérébrale à 18 mois d âge corrigé). Les résultats ont montré l importance de contrôler les apports de chlore des médicaments et de la nutrition parentérale, afin de prévenir toute acidose métabolique indésirable après la naissance. Les études sur la protidémie ont montré que l hypoprotidémie à J1 est un facteur indépendant associé au décès ou à la survie avec anomalies neurologiques sévères et que son pouvoir prédictif de pronostic défavorable est comparable à celui d autres scores de gravité validés. Ce travail contribue à la compréhension des facteurs périnatals influençant le pronostic du grand prématuré et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives de recherche sur la prise en charge de ces enfants vulnérables.Our aim was to identify early biochemical abnormalities associated with adverse outcome in very preterm infants. Based on an 8-year population-study for assessing the outcome in 1067 very preterm babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Dijon university hospital, two research axes were explored: 1) the impact of plasma chloride abnormalities on neurological morbidities; 2) the association between hypoproteinemia on the first day of life (D1) and adverse outcome. These issues were assessed by 4 studies, performed on the initial population and on 3 other cohorts.We found that hyperchloremia results in severe metabolic acidosis during the first 7-10 days of life, but this is not associated with adverse neurological outcome (intraventricular haemorrhage and/or cerebral palsy at 18 months of corrected age). The tight control of chloride intake by parenteral nutrition or inadvertent administration represents a good means for lowering the incidence of metabolic acidosis after birth.We also showed that hypoproteinemia (D1) has prognostic value for impaired outcome (death or survival with severe cerebral ultrasound findings) and that total plasma protein has a predictive performance comparable with other validated illness severity scores. These results provide additional insight into factors influencing mortality and morbidity for preterm babies. Our findings raise the interest in addressing the above issues in future investigations on: 1) pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between biological abnormalities and impaired outcome, 2) their possible therapeutic implications and 3) the development of new severity scores for very preterm babies.DIJON-BU Doc.électronique (212319901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Paraben exposure through drugs in the neonatal intensive care unit: a regional cohort study
Background and objectives: Environmental factors influence the development of very preterm infants (VPIs, born at less than 32 weeks of gestation). It is important to identify all potential sources of paraben exposure in these vulnerable infants. We aimed to quantify paraben exposure via drug administration in a cohort of VPI cared for in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out over a five-year period in a regional setting (two NICUs using the same computerized order-entry system). The main outcome was exposure to paraben-containing drugs. The secondary outcomes were: time of the first exposure, daily intake, number of infants exceeding paraben acceptable daily intake (ADI: 0–10 mg/kg/d), duration of exposure, and cumulative dose.Results: The cohort consisted of 1,315 VPIs [BW 1129.9 (±360.4) g]. Among them, 85.5% were exposed to paraben-containing drugs. In 40.4% of infants, the first exposure occurred during the second week of life. Mean paraben intake and duration of exposure were, respectively, 2.2 (±1.4) mg/kg/d and 33.1 (±22.3) days. The cumulative paraben intake was 80.3 (±84.6) mg/kg. The ADI was exceeded in 3.5% of exposed infants. Lower GA was associated with higher intake and longer exposure (p < 0.0001). The main molecules involved in paraben exposure were: sodium iron feredetate, paracetamol, furosemide, and sodium bicarbonate + sodium alginate.Conclusion: Commonly used drugs are potential source of parabens, and ADI can be easily exceeded in VPIs cared for in NICUs. Efforts are needed to identify paraben-free alternative formulations for these vulnerable infants
Clinical Study Chloride Balance in Preterm Infants during the First Week of Life
Objective. To describe the chloride balance in infants born 25-32-week gestation, analyze the association of chloride changes with hydroelectrolytic status and their relationship with perinatal conditions, morbidities, and neurological outcome. Methods. For 7 days after birth, sodium and chloride balance, plasma potassium, phosphate, and total carbon dioxide (tCO 2 ) were prospectively determined and strong ion difference (SID) calculated. Three multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with high plasma chloride concentration, low SID, and low tCO 2 . Results. 107 infants were studied. Plasma chloride concentration was significantly positively associated with plasma sodium concentration. Higher plasma chloride and lower SID were significantly associated with lower plasma tCO 2 . Chloride intake was the main independent factor associated with high plasma chloride, low SID, and low plasma tCO 2 , with lesser contribution of sodium intake and low gestational age (GA). Also, patent ductus arteriosus and birth weight loss were independent factors affecting plasma chloride and SID. Neither high chloride levels nor low SID were associated to impaired neurological outcome. Conclusions. In preterm infants, chloride balance is influenced by GA and by interrelationship between sodium and chloride intake. High chloride levels are associated with metabolic acidosis but not related to increased risk of impaired neurological outcome
Nutritional intake influences zinc levels in preterm newborns: an observational study
(1) Background: Zinc is a key element for protein synthesis in preterm newborns. Early aggressive nutrition, promoting protein synthesis, may increase zinc consumption; (2) Methods: We performed a prospective observational study, to assess the relationship between early macronutrients intake and serum zinc levels, in preterm newborns with Gestational Age (GA) of 24-35 weeks, consecutively observed in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). (3) Results: We enrolled 130 newborns (GA 31.5 ± 2.8). A significant negative correlation between serum zinc level at 28 days of life and energy (r -0.587, p < 0.001) and protein intake (r -0.556, p < 0.001) in the first week of life was observed. Linear regression analysis showed that zinc levels depended on energy (β -0.650; p < 0.001) and protein (β -0.669; p < 0.001) intake given through parenteral nutrition (PN) in the first week of life; (4) Conclusions: zinc status of preterm neonates was influenced by early protein and energy intake. An additional zinc supplementation should be considered when high protein and energy intake are received by preterm newborns in the first week of life
Early Inflammatory Markers for the Diagnosis of Late-Onset Sepsis in Neonates: The Nosodiag Study
Background: Early diagnosis is essential to improve the treatment and prognosis of newborn infants with nosocomial bacterial infections. Although cytokines and procalcitonin (PCT) have been evaluated as early inflammatory markers, their diagnostic properties have rarely been compared.Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the ability of individual inflammatory markers available for clinician (PCT, semi-quantitative determination of IL-8) and of combinations of markers (CRPi plus IL-6 or quantitative or semi-quantitative determination of IL-8) to diagnose bacterial nosocomial infections in neonates.Methods: This prospective two-center study included neonates suspected of nosocomial infections from September 2008 to January 2012. Inflammatory markers were measured initially upon suspicion of nosocomial infection, and CRP was again measured 12–24 h later. Newborns were retrospectively classified into two groups: those who were infected (certainly or probably) and uninfected (certainly or probably).Results: The study included 130 infants of median gestational age 28 weeks (range, 24–41 weeks). Of these, 34 were classified as infected and 96 as uninfected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) for PCT were 59.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.8–77.6%), 78.5% (95% CI, 67.8–86.9%), 48.5% (95% CI, 30.8–66.5%), 84.9% (95% CI, 74.6–92.2%), 2.7 (95% CI, 1.6–4.9), and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3–0.8), respectively. Semi-quantitative IL-8 had the highest specificity (92.19%; 95% CI, 82.70–97.41%), PPV (72.22%; 95% CI, 46.52–90.30%) and LR+ (6.17, 95% CI, 2.67–28.44), but had low specificity (48.15%; 95% CI, 28.67–68.05%). Of all markers tested, the combination of IL-6 and CRPi had the highest sensitivity (78.12%; 95% CI, 60.03–90.72%), NPV (91.3%; 95% CI, 82.38–96.32%) and LR- (0.29; 95% CI, 0.12–0.49). The combination of IL-6 and CRPi had a higher area under the curve than PCT, but with borderline significance (p = 0.055).Conclusions: The combination of IL-6 and CRPi was superior to other methods, including PCT, for the early diagnosis of nosocomial infection in neonates, but was not sufficient for sole use. The semi-quantitative determination of IL-8 had good diagnostic properties but its sensitivity was too low for use in clinical practice
Research priorities in pediatric parenteral nutrition: a consensus and perspective from ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN
We acknowledge all the authors of the ESPGHAN/ESPR/ESPEN/CSPEN pediatric
parenteral nutrition guidelines for their contributions and vote (Christian Braegger,
University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Jiri Bronsky, University Hospital
Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Cristina Campoy, Department of Paediatrics, School of
Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Magnus Domellof, Department of
Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Sweden; Nicholas Embleton, Newcastle
University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Mary Fewtrell, UCL Great Ormond Street
Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Natasa Fidler, University Medical Centre
Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Axel Franz, University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen,
Germany; Oliver Goulet, University Sordonne-Paris-Cite; Paris-Descartes Medical
School, Paris, France; Corina Hartmann, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel,
Petach Tikva, Israel and Carmel Medical Center, Israel; Susan Hill, Great Ormond Street
Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Child Health,
London, UK; Iva Hojsak, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of
Medicine, University of J. J. Strossmayer School of Medicine Osijek, Croatia; Sylvia
Iacobelli, CHU La Reunion, Saint Pierre, France; Frank Jochum, Ev. Waldkrankenhaus
Spandau, Berlin, Germany; Koen Joosten, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric
Surgery, Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands; Sanja Kolacek, Children’s Hospital, University of Zagreb School of
Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Alexandre Lapillone, Paris-Descartes University, Paris,
France; Szimonetta Lohner, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs,
Hungary; Dieter Mesotten, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Walter Mihatsch, Ulm
University, Ulm, and Helios Hospital, Pforzheim, Germany; Francis Mimouni,
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Wilf Children’s Hospital, the
Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, and the Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
Christian Molgaard, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of
Copenhagen, and Paediatric Nutrition Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;
Sissel Moltu, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Antonia Nomayo, Ev.
Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Berlin, Germany; John Puntis, The General Infirmary at
Leeds, Leeds, UK; Arieh Riskin, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of
Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Miguel Saenz de Pipaon, Department of
Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital, Red de Salud Materno Infantil y Desarrollo
e SAMID, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Raanan Shamir, Schneider
Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,
Israel; Peter Szitanyi, General University Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University in Prague, Czech Republic; Merit Tabbers, Emma Children’s Hospital,
Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Chris van den Akker, Emma
Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Hans van
Goudoever, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Sacha Verbruggen, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Intensive
Care, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Cai Wei,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Weihui Yan, Department of
Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Shanghai, China) and the members of the ESPR Section on Nutrition,
Gastroenterology and Metabolism (Fredrik Ahlsson, Uppsala University Children’s
Hospital and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University,
Uppsala, Sweden; Sertac Arslanoglu, Division of Neonatology, Department of
Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey; Wolfgang Bernhard,
Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-
University, Tübingen, Germany; Janet Berrington, Newcastle Neonatal Service,
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;
Signe Bruun, Hans Christian Andersen Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Odense
University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Christoph Fusch, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical School, General Hospital of Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany;
Shalabh Garg, South Tees Hospitals, Middlesborough, UK; Maria Gianni, Department
of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Ann
Hellstrom, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Claus Klingenberg, Department of
Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø,
Norway; Helen Mactier, Neonatal Unit, Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow,
UK; Neena Modi, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chelsea and
Westminster Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK; Niels Rochow, Division
of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada; Paola Rogerro, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health,
University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Umberto Simeoni, Division of Pediatrics, CHUV &
University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Atul Singhal, Paediatric Nutrition, UCL
Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.; Ulrich Thome,
Department of Neonatology, Universitatsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Anne
Twomey, Department of Neonatology, The National Maternity Hospital, Dublin,
Ireland; Mireille Vanpee, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Gitte
Zachariassen, Hans Christian Andersen Hospital for Children and Adolescents,
Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark) for their vote.Parenteral nutrition is used to treat children that cannot be fully fed by the enteral route. While the revised ESPGHAN/
ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN pediatric parenteral nutrition guidelines provide clear guidance on the use of parenteral nutrition in neonates,
infants, and children based on current available evidence, they have helped to crystallize areas where research is lacking or more
studies are needed in order to refine recommendations. This paper collates and discusses the research gaps identified by the
authors of each section of the guidelines and considers each nutrient or group of nutrients in turn, together with aspects around
delivery and organization. The 99 research priorities identified were then ranked in order of importance by clinicians and
researchers working in the field using a survey methodology. The highest ranked priority was the need to understand the
relationship between total energy intake, rapid catch-up growth, later metabolic function, and neurocognitive outcomes. Research
into the optimal intakes of macronutrients needed in order to achieve optimal outcomes also featured prominently. Identifying
research priorities in PN should enable research to be focussed on addressing key issues. Multicentre trials, better definition of
exposure and outcome variables, and long-term metabolic and developmental follow-up will be key to achieving this
One year after on Tyrrhenian coasts: The ban of cotton buds does not reduce their dominance in beach litter composition
In January 2019, Italy banned the sale of plastic cotton buds, which is one of the most abundant litter items entering the sea and then washing ashore. However, since the ban came into force, no studies have been carried out to assess whether the measure has actually led to the reduction of plastic cotton buds accumulating on Italian coasts. Here we aim at evaluating the effectiveness of the ban in reducing the amount of cotton buds reaching sandy beaches of the Tyrrhenian coast. Specifically, we monitored the accumulation of beach litter for one year since the ban came into force. By surveying eight coastal sites from winter 2019 to winter 2020, we collected a total of 52,824 items mostly constituted by plastic debris (97.6%). We found that cotton buds were the most abundant item (42.3% of total litter), followed by plastic (28.5%) and polystyrene (5.43%) fragments. Our preliminary assessment suggests that the ban has so far not led to a sensible reduction in the amount of cotton buds entering the marine ecosystem. This was to be expected since implementation strategies are still lacking (i.e. no economic sanctions can be imposed in case of non-compliance) and bans are differently implemented among countries facing the Mediterranean Sea, calling for law enforcement and implementation at the national and international levels
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