Anisotropies and Low-temperature Annealing Effect in Cold-rolled Nickel-Silver Alloy

The changes in hardness, elastic modulus and bending deflection with rolling reduction and with low-temperature annealing of nickel-silver were measured on the specimens cut parallel and transverse to the rolling direction of the sheet, and the results were considered in relation to the rolling structure. The anisotropies become more remarkable as the rolling reduction exceeds 50 per cent, and, in this region, the measured values are always higher in the transverse than in the other direction. This may be due to the development of the rolling texture and to the appearance of the flaw-like strain markings in the transverse direction. The low-temperature annealing makes the values of hardness and elastic modulus increase, and the maximum values are, in either case, obtained by heat-treatment at 350℃. Also, the larger the rolling reduction is, the higher the increasing ratio becomes. The change in hardness due to low-temperature annealing is larger as the grain size reduces, whereas the change in elasticity is hardly affected by the grain size. The anneal-hardening at each temperature does not show the two-stage hardening which has been observed in α-brass sheet, but shows a simple and smooth process. No difference in microstructure can be observed between as cold-rolled and as anneal-hardened state, although, in the previous work on α-brass, some structural changes thought to be a kind of polygonization were recognized after low-temperature annealing. The results of bending test correspond with those of elastic modulus

Studies on genetic divergence of catalase genes in plants

This study was performed to understand the divergence of catalase genes in the course of the evolution of higher plants. A comparison of exon-intron structures of plant catalase genes suggested that consecutive duplication of the primordial gene followed by differential loss of introns occurred to formthree diverse isozyme genes after the evolutionary divergence of monocots from dicots. In monocots, three ancestral isozyme genes were formed before the divergence of ancestral rice and maize. Intron-2 of the Oryza sativa CatAcatalase gene is similar in nucleotide sequence to p-SINE1, a retroposon, and seems to have been added to the ancestral genome of rice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of Oryza and related species revealed that all theOryza species with an AA genome have the CatA ortholog with the p-SINE1-likeintron, whereas other Oryza species have the CatA ortholog without the intron, and that the intron was already present in the common ancestor of Oryza and Leersia perrieri. Tourist-CatA, a transposable element in the 5\u27-flanking region of CatA and its orthologs, was found to be distributed in all fourOryza species complexes in the Oryzeae tribe. The AA genome Oryza species except for O. longistaminata contain the full-length Tourist-CatA. O. longistaminata and the species in the O. officinalis, O. meyeriana and O. ridleyicomplexes contain a partial element. It is proposed that partial deletion of the Tourist-CatA occurred in the ancestor of O. longistaminata and the species in the O. officinalis, O. meyeriana and O. ridleyi complexes after theevolutionary divergence of the ancestor of the AA genome Oryza species, except for O. longistaminata, from the common ancestor of Oryza species. The evolutionary pathway of Oryza species was thus inferred from the phylogeneticanalyses of CatA and its orthologs using the p-SINE1-like intron and Tourist-CatA.Thesis (Ph. D. in Science)--University of Tsukuba, (B), no. 1604, 2000.3.24Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-52)Studies on genetic divergence of catalase genes in plants ~ 岩本, 政

Phytochrome-regulated EBL1 contributes to ACO1 upregulation in rice

The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene (ACO1) was upregulated in rice (Oryza sativa L.) phyAphyBphyC mutants lacking any phytochrome and containing the GCC box element, a binding site for rice ethylene-responsive element binding protein 1 (OsEREBP1), in its promoter region. Since the OsEREBP1-like gene EBL1 (OsEREBP1-LIKE 1) was significantly downregulated in phyAphyBphyC mutants, EBL1 was suspected to repress ACO1 expression in wild-type plants. However, ACO1 was downregulated in EBL1 RNA interference plants, and the total length of these plants was slightly shorter than that of wild-type plants. This study shows that EBL1 is positively regulated by phytochrome B and associated with ACO1 upregulation

Hyperbaric Lung Preservation with Hypothermia

The tolerable period of ischemia to canine lung were evaluated in preservation at hyperbaria of 3 atomospheres (absolute 3 at.) and 7 at. fed with oxygen or nitrogen gases. 1) Three atomospheres (absolute) protect lung transplant from ischemic damage up to 12 hours. 2) A 72 hour preservation lung at three atomospheres of nitrogen gas provided lung function after allografting in only one. This led us to know effectiveness of hyperbaria at three atomospheres

Coupling of quantum dot light emission with point defect cavity resonances in three-dimensional photonic crystals

Regardless of the excellent feature of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PhCs) to manipulate lights in all direction irrespective of their polarization directions, two-dimensional (2D) PhCs have been preferred by researchers in this field than 3D PhCs, because 2D PhCs provide us manipulatability of light, which is nearly comparable to those of 3D PhCs, without apparent difficulty in fabrication. However, the present condition, where the killer application of PhCs is absent after 20 years intensive research, makes us to reconsider whether the polarization-limited condition for use and fragile structures of 2D PhCs are really a drawback for practical application or not. The sole reason why 3D PhCs have been avoided is their intrinsic complexity of the structure. Once a technology, which enables stable assembly of 3D fine structures with high precision, the balance of favor between 2D and 3D PhCs would change. In this talk, we introduce the first demonstration of coupling of light emission from quantum dots (QDs) with a nanocavity in a 3D PhC operating at optical communication wavelengths. The combination of QDs and a nanocavity in a 3D PhC provides a fully-confined system both for electrons and photons simultaneously. Such a system operating at optical communication wavelengths could move the realization of quantum cryptography communication and quantum computer a step closer. Our demonstrations increase their importance with the fact that they were done using III-V semiconductor materials at room temperature. The fabrication technology established here should greatly enhance exploration of not only 3D PhCs but also PhCs and fine-structure devices in general. Details of our work will be presented at the talk

Influence of Ovariectomy on Bone Turnover and Trabecular Bone Mass in Mature Cynomolgus Monkeys

Purpose: To examine the influence of ovariectomy (OVX) on bone turnover and trabecular bone mass at the 3 clinically important skeletal sites in mature cynomolgus monkeys. Materials and Methods: Six female cynomolgus monkeys, aged 17-21 years, were randomized into 2 groups by the stratified weight: the OVX and sham-operation groups (n = 3 in each group). The experimental period was 16 months. Lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in vivo and serum and urinary bone turnover markers were longitudinally measured, and peripheral quantitative computed tomographic and bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on trabecular bone of the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and distal radius at the end of the experiment. Results: OVX induced in a reduction in lumbar BMD compared with the sham controls and the baseline, as a result of increased serum levels of bonespecific alkaline phosphatase and urinary levels of cross-lined N- and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Furthermore, OVX induced reductions in trabecular volumetric BMD and trabecular bone mass compared with the sham controls, with increased bone formation rate at the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and distal radius. Conclusion: The results indicated that OVX in mature cynomolgus monkeys (17-21 years of age) increased bone turnover and induced trabecular bone loss at the three skeletal sites compared with the sham controls. Thus, mature cynomolgus monkeys could be utilized for preclinical studies to examine the effects of interventions on bon