The First Spectroscopically Resolved Sub-parsec Orbit of a Supermassive Binary Black Hole

One of the most intriguing scenarios proposed to explain how active galactic nuclei are triggered involves the existence of a supermassive binary black hole system in their cores. Here we present an observational evidence for the first spectroscopically resolved sub-parsec orbit of a such system in the core of Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151. Using a method similar to those typically applied for spectroscopic binary stars we obtained radial velocity curves of the supermassive binary system, from which we calculated orbital elements and made estimates about the masses of components. Our analysis shows that periodic variations in the light and radial velocity curves can be accounted for an eccentric, sub-parsec Keplerian orbit of a 15.9-year period. The flux maximum in the lightcurve correspond to the approaching phase of a secondary component towards the observer. According to the obtained results we speculate that the periodic variations in the observed H{\alpha} line shape and flux are due to shock waves generated by the supersonic motion of the components through the surrounding medium. Given the large observational effort needed to reveal this spectroscopically resolved binary orbital motion we suggest that many such systems may exist in similar objects even if they are hard to find. Detecting more of them will provide us with insight into black hole mass growth process.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, published in ApJ, 759, 11

Aportació a l'estudi de la micoflora alpina dels Pirineus (1ª part)

Primer treball dels autors estudiant diferents espècies alpines recol.lectades als Pirineus; s'inclouen descripcions macro i microscòpiques i fotografies.Contribution to the fungal alpine flore of the Pyrenaean range (Part 1). The authors report some interesting alpine species collected in the Pyrenees. Descriptions and photographs are provided

Aportació a l'estudi de la micoflora alpina dels Pirineus (1ª part)

Primer treball dels autors estudiant diferents espècies alpines recol.lectades als Pirineus; s'inclouen descripcions macro i microscòpiques i fotografies.Contribution to the fungal alpine flore of the Pyrenaean range (Part 1). The authors report some interesting alpine species collected in the Pyrenees. Descriptions and photographs are provided

Dynamics of Electron Transport in Cytochrome P450 Systems Studied at Sub-Zero Temperature

Experimentation in fluid mixed solvents (1 : 1 v/v phosphate buffer ethylene glycol) at sub-zero temperatures has permitted us to record the two univalent reductions of the bacterial cytochrome P450 by the natural electron donor putidaredoxin, without recycling or alternative pathway reactions. Dynamic evidence shows the formation of putidaredoxincytochrome complexes prior to electron transfer. The complex formation is rate limiting in the first reduction and in our experimental conditions. The kinetics of binding between the two oxidized proteins has also been recorded in the same medium under various conditions of concentration, temperature and ionic strength. At very low ionic strength, the rate is limited by electrostatic repulsion between the two negatively charge proteins; above I = 0.03 this effect appears negligible and the affinity seems to be governed by hydrophobic interaction free energy

Dynamics of Electron Transport in Cytochrome P450 Systems Studied at Sub-Zero Temperature

Experimentation in fluid mixed solvents (1 : 1 v/v phosphate buffer ethylene glycol) at sub-zero temperatures has permitted us to record the two univalent reductions of the bacterial cytochrome P450 by the natural electron donor putidaredoxin, without recycling or alternative pathway reactions. Dynamic evidence shows the formation of putidaredoxincytochrome complexes prior to electron transfer. The complex formation is rate limiting in the first reduction and in our experimental conditions. The kinetics of binding between the two oxidized proteins has also been recorded in the same medium under various conditions of concentration, temperature and ionic strength. At very low ionic strength, the rate is limited by electrostatic repulsion between the two negatively charge proteins; above I = 0.03 this effect appears negligible and the affinity seems to be governed by hydrophobic interaction free energy

Poly[[μ2-(1Z,N′E)-2-(1,3-benzothia­zol-2-ylsulfan­yl)-N′-(2-oxidobenzyl­idene-κ2 O:O)acetohydrazidato-κ2 O,N′](pyridine-κN)copper(II)]

In the title compound, [Cu(C16H11N3O2S2)(C5H5N)]n, the CuII atom displays a square-pyramidal CuN2O3 coordination geometry with strong elongation in the vertex direction. The hydrazone mol­ecule is coordinated to the CuII atom in a tridentate manner in the enolic form, creating five- and six-membered chelate metallarings. The pyridine mol­ecule completes the square-planar base of the copper coordination environment. The crystal structure displays zigzag polymeric Cu—O—Cu chains along [001]. Several weak π–π inter­actions between benzothia­zole rings were found in the same direction [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7484 (16), 3.7483 (16), 3.6731 (17) and 3.7649 (17) Å]

[1-(2-Oxidobenzyl­idene)-4-phenyl­thio­semicarbazidato-κ3 O,N 1,S](pyridine-κN)copper(II)

In the structure of the title compound, [Cu(C14H11N3OS)(C5H5N)], the CuII atom exhibits a slightly distorted square-planar CuN2OS coordination polyhedron consisting of a phenyl O, an azomethine N and a thio­amide S atom from the tridentate thio­semicarbazonate dianion, and the N atom of a pyridine mol­ecule. The thio­semicarbazonate ligand exists in the thiol tautomeric form as an E isomer. Rotational disorder of the pyridine and phenyl rings in a 1:1 ratio of the respective components is observed. An extensive network of weak N—H⋯S, C—H⋯O, C—H⋯N and C—H⋯S hydrogen-bonding inter­actions consolidates the structure

3 Effects of Antenatal Alcoholization on Brain Cortex Neurons Postnatal Development in Rats

Ethanol consumption, pregnancy, off spring, frontal cortex, neuronsТhe aim of the paper was to estimate histologically the consequences of alcohol consumption by rats during pregnancy on the brain co rte x neurons development in their offspring. Female Wistar rats consumed a 15% solution of ethanol as a single source of drinking (4.64±2.19 g/kg/day) throughout pregnancy, control rats received aquivolume amount of water. The offspring were decapitated on the 2-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 45-, and 90th day after birth and samples of frontal brain cortex were prepared for microscopy histology, histochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: Antenatal alcohol exposure in rats increased, and then reduced the brain cortex thickness, the decrease being noted in the relative amount of brain cortex neurons and the increase in the number of their pathological forms in all time periods of the examination. Electron microscopy showed a significant reduction in the number of mitochondria per um2 of cytoplasm and the total length of their cristae, reduction of the rough endoplasmic reticulum canal length and their clearance expansion, decrease in the bind ribosomes and increase in the free ribosomes number, expansion of the Golgi apparatus cisternae, increase in the lysosome number and size in the cytoplasm of neurons. The histochemical examination revealed the inhibition of NADH-, NADPhH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenases as well as activation of lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase. Antenatal alcoholization led to the decrease in the expression of synaptophisin (marker of synaptogenesis) and retarded the maturation of neurons in the frontal cortex, which resulted in the increase in the expression of double cortin, and decrease in the expression of neuronal nuclear antigen. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption by rats during pregnancy induces deep and long-term histological, histochemical, immune histochemical and electron microscopy changes in the brain cortex neurons in postnatal ontogenesis in rat offspring, including early swelling and postpone shrinkage and cessation of growth of brain cortex neurons

Dynamics of Histological Changes in the Frontal Cortex of the Brain in Rats Subjected to Antenatal Exposure to Alcohol

frontal cortex, neurons, antenatal alcoholization.The aim of the present work was to undertake a comparative study of the effects of prenatal alcoholization of the histological characteristics of neurons in the frontal cortex of the brains of rats of different ages. Experiments were performed on 175 mongrel white rats - the offspring of 25 females given 15% ethanol as drinking solution throughout pregnancy. The cerebral cortex was studied on postnatal days 2-90 using histological, histochemical, and morphometric methods. An increase (on days 2 and 5) followed by a decrease (on days 10 and 90) was seen in cortical thickness, with a decrease in neuron body size (on days 20-90), a decrease in the number of neurons in cortical layer V, a decrease in the number of normochromic cells, and increases in the numbers of hyperchromic shrunken neurons and ghost cells throughout the study period. Antenatal alcoholization in rats induced various histological changes in the frontal cortex, which were long-lasting and progressive during postnatal ontogeny