Further developments of the TELL-US model. 1: An implicit finite difference scheme for the numerical approximation of the ground heat flux. 2: A simple algorithm for estimating the actual and potential evapotranspiration of vegetated surfaces from one remotely sensed surface temperature near the daily maximum

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Mapping thermal inertia, soil moisture and evaporation from aircraft day and night thermal data

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Actualisatie van de hydrologie voor STONE 2.0

Er is een nieuwe landsdekkende hydrologische gegevensset berekend voor het nutriëntenemissiemodel STONE. Met het model SWAP is voor een reeks van 30 jaar de hydrologie gesimuleerd voor 6405 rekeneenheden. Dit rapport beschrijft de schematisering, de parametrisatie en de plausibiliteit van de resultaten van de berekeningen met het model SWAP. De resultaten worden in het algemeen als plausibel beoordeeld. Voor de verdamping geldt dat de berekeningswijze wordt gezien als state of the art. Voor grasland is een zeer plausibele verdamping berekend; voor bouwland behoeft de bodemverdamping meer aandacht. Drainagefluxen zijn voor meerdere oppervlaktewatersystemen berekend. Relatief ondiepe systemen blijken de grootste bijdrage te leveren aan de waterafvoer vanuit de bodem naar het oppervlaktewatersysteem, waarbij de aanwezigheid van buisdrainage van groot belang is. De berekende neerslagoverschotten en grondwatertrappen zijn plausibel. Aanbevelingen voor verbetering betreffen met name de schematiserings enenkele hydrologische aspecten, zoals beregening en de interactie met de regionale hydrologie

Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture.

Acupuncture has a beneficial effect when treating many diseases and painful conditions, and therefore is thought to be useful as a complementary therapy or to replace generally accepted pharmacological intervention. The attributive effect of acupuncture has been investigated in inflammatory diseases, including asthma, rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, epicondylitis, complex regional pain syndrome type 1 and vasculitis. Large randomised trials demonstrating the immediate and sustained effect of acupuncture are missing. Mechanisms underlying the ascribed immunosuppressive actions of acupuncture are reviewed in this communication. The acupuncture-controlled release of neuropeptides from nerve endings and subsequent vasodilative and anti-inflammatory effects through calcitonine gene-related peptide is hypothesised. The complex interactions with substance P, the analgesic contribution of beta-endorphin and the balance between cell-specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 are discussed

Six Years Follow-up of the Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1

In an earlier study, levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 are higher in blisters fluid from the complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) side obtained at 6 and 30 months (median) after the initial event. The aim of this follow-up study is to determine the involvement of these cytokines in long lasting CRPS1. Twelve CRPS1 patients, with median disease duration of 72 months, participated. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in blister fluid; disease activity was reevaluated by measuring pain and differences in temperature, volume, and mobility between both extremities. Differences in levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and mobility between both sides were significantly decreased. Pain and differences in temperature and volume were not significantly altered. No correlation was found between the cytokines and the disease characteristics. These results indicate that IL-6 and TNF-α are only partially responsible for the signs and symptoms of CRPS1

Six years follow-up of the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1

In an earlier study, levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 are higher in blisters fluid from the complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) side obtained at 6 and 30 months (median) after the initial event. The aim of this follow-up study is to determine the involvement of these cytokines in long lasting CRPS1. Twelve CRPS1 patients, with median disease duration of 72 months, participated. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in blister fluid; disease activity was reevaluated by measuring pain and differences in temperature, volume, and mobility between both extremities. Differences in levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and mobility between both sides were significantly decreased. Pain and differences in temperature and volume were not significantly altered. No correlation was found between the cytokines and the disease characteristics. These results indicate that IL-6 and TNF-α are only partially responsible for the signs and symptoms of CRPS1.</p

Six years follow-up of the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1

In an earlier study, levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 are higher in blisters fluid from the complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) side obtained at 6 and 30 months (median) after the initial event. The aim of this follow-up study is to determine the involvement of these cytokines in long lasting CRPS1. Twelve CRPS1 patients, with median disease duration of 72 months, participated. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in blister fluid; disease activity was reevaluated by measuring pain and differences in temperature, volume, and mobility between both extremities. Differences in levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and mobility between both sides were significantly decreased. Pain and differences in temperature and volume were not significantly altered. No correlation was found between the cytokines and the disease characteristics. These results indicate that IL-6 and TNF-α are only partially responsible for the signs and symptoms of CRPS1.</p