Load sharing in insulated double glass units : determination of the air pressure in the cavity due to mechanical and thermo-mechanical loads

Glass is an indispensable building material because of the special properties. Glass has a low heat resistance and therefore it is a thermal leakage in the outer wall. Insulated double glass reduces the heat transfer tremendously. The closed air in the hermetically closed cavity is a good insulator. The magnitude of the pressure in a hermetically closed cavity is an unknown parameter. What is the cavity pressure if the temperature changed, ambient pressure changed, under a uniformly distributed load, under a concentrated load and the like? These influences were investigated by an analytical model and were verified by experimental research

Load sharing in insulated double glass units : determination of the air pressure in the cavity due to mechanical and thermo-mechanical loads

Glass is an indispensable building material because of the special properties. Glass has a low heat resistance and therefore it is a thermal leakage in the outer wall. Insulated double glass reduces the heat transfer tremendously. The closed air in the hermetically closed cavity is a good insulator. The magnitude of the pressure in a hermetically closed cavity is an unknown parameter. What is the cavity pressure if the temperature changed, ambient pressure changed, under a uniformly distributed load, under a concentrated load and the like? These influences were investigated by an analytical model and were verified by experimental research

Bracing Steel Frames with Adhesively Bonded Glass Panes - Mechanic Models

Circumferentially adhesive bonded glass panes in steel frames of facades can take over the structural function of steel braces for the stabilization of one-storey buildings. A system, built up of a steel frame, a single glass pane and a flexible adhesive bonded joint across the full thickness of the glass pane was subjected to a concentrated horizontal in-plane load at the top. Experiments with square glass pane sizes showed that the system had a very small inplane stiffness, a glass-steel contact at large horizontal in-plane loads and a good residual capacity. The parametric studies by means of finite element models only focused on the variation of the geometry of the glass pane. The behaviour of the system mainly depends on the stiffness of the adhesive bonded joint. At larger horizontal in-plane displacements, systems with rectangular glass pane sizes have two glass-steel contacts. The mechanic models well predict the in-plane stiffness of the system, the largest maximum principle stress and the maximum normal and shear stresses in the adhesive bonded joint. The horizontal in-plane load and the horizontal in-plane displacement at the top at the first glass-steel contact are also well predicted. The criteria are the limitation of the horizontal in-plane displacement at the top (serviceability) or the strain rate of the adhesive bonded joint (strength). To guarantee the stability of a building all glass panes in the facade have to be mobilized to transfer in-plane load

Parametric Studies on Bracing Steel Frames with Glued Glass Panes

Glass panes structurally bonded to a steel framework can be used as a stability system for buildings. A system built up of a single glass pane, a steel frame and a glued joint is only loaded by a concentrated monotonic in-plane load at the top. Three glued joint types are defined, namely a flexible joint on the end, a two-sided and a one-sided rigid joint. A finite element model was developed and calibrated with the experiments followed by varying the geometry of the glass pane. The applied criteria are the strength of glass for failure and the restricted in-plane displacement at the top. The system with a flexible joint on the end can be characterized by small loads, large inplane displacements and small stiffnesses. The stiffness is the criterion. Systems with two-sided and one sided rigid joints can be characterized by larger loads, much smaller ,in-plane displacements and larger stiffnesses. The strength of glass is the criterion and is located on the glass pane's surface in the vicinity of the glued joint which anchors the tensile diagonal of the glass pane. These tensile stresses increase by the different in stiffness of the glued joint (rigid) and the less shear stiffness of the bolts between beadwork and outside beam of the frame. However, the stress distribution in the glass pane as well as in the glued joint is unfavourable for systems with one-sided rigid joint. The two-sided rigid glued joint is a promising joint type based on the geometric parameters of the glass pane and the good residual capacity after the first cracks as observed in the experiments

Bracing Steel Frames with Adhesively Bonded Glass Panes - Mechanic Models

Circumferentially adhesive bonded glass panes in steel frames of facades can take over the structural function of steel braces for the stabilization of one-storey buildings. A system, built up of a steel frame, a single glass pane and a flexible adhesive bonded joint across the full thickness of the glass pane was subjected to a concentrated horizontal in-plane load at the top. Experiments with square glass pane sizes showed that the system had a very small inplane stiffness, a glass-steel contact at large horizontal in-plane loads and a good residual capacity. The parametric studies by means of finite element models only focused on the variation of the geometry of the glass pane. The behaviour of the system mainly depends on the stiffness of the adhesive bonded joint. At larger horizontal in-plane displacements, systems with rectangular glass pane sizes have two glass-steel contacts. The mechanic models well predict the in-plane stiffness of the system, the largest maximum principle stress and the maximum normal and shear stresses in the adhesive bonded joint. The horizontal in-plane load and the horizontal in-plane displacement at the top at the first glass-steel contact are also well predicted. The criteria are the limitation of the horizontal in-plane displacement at the top (serviceability) or the strain rate of the adhesive bonded joint (strength). To guarantee the stability of a building all glass panes in the facade have to be mobilized to transfer in-plane load

Parametric Studies on Bracing Steel Frames with Glued Glass Panes

Glass panes structurally bonded to a steel framework can be used as a stability system for buildings. A system built up of a single glass pane, a steel frame and a glued joint is only loaded by a concentrated monotonic in-plane load at the top. Three glued joint types are defined, namely a flexible joint on the end, a two-sided and a one-sided rigid joint. A finite element model was developed and calibrated with the experiments followed by varying the geometry of the glass pane. The applied criteria are the strength of glass for failure and the restricted in-plane displacement at the top. The system with a flexible joint on the end can be characterized by small loads, large inplane displacements and small stiffnesses. The stiffness is the criterion. Systems with two-sided and one sided rigid joints can be characterized by larger loads, much smaller ,in-plane displacements and larger stiffnesses. The strength of glass is the criterion and is located on the glass pane's surface in the vicinity of the glued joint which anchors the tensile diagonal of the glass pane. These tensile stresses increase by the different in stiffness of the glued joint (rigid) and the less shear stiffness of the bolts between beadwork and outside beam of the frame. However, the stress distribution in the glass pane as well as in the glued joint is unfavourable for systems with one-sided rigid joint. The two-sided rigid glued joint is a promising joint type based on the geometric parameters of the glass pane and the good residual capacity after the first cracks as observed in the experiments

De lijmnaad : dé verbinding voor glas

Een lijmnaad als constructieve verbinding wordt in de bouw op beperkte schaal toegepast. Succesvolle toepassingen van constructieve lijmverbindingen zijn de gelijmde lamellen van gelamineerd hout, de ingelijmde ankers, het lijmen van externe wapening en het lijmen van betonnen elementen bij bruggen. Voor andere constructieve toepassingen wordt eerder gekozen voor de traditionele verbindingstechnieken. De lijmnaad is een geschikte verbindingstechniek om glas constructief aan andere materialen te verbinden en is onderwerp van dit artikel

De lijmnaad : dé verbinding voor glas

Een lijmnaad als constructieve verbinding wordt in de bouw op beperkte schaal toegepast. Succesvolle toepassingen van constructieve lijmverbindingen zijn de gelijmde lamellen van gelamineerd hout, de ingelijmde ankers, het lijmen van externe wapening en het lijmen van betonnen elementen bij bruggen. Voor andere constructieve toepassingen wordt eerder gekozen voor de traditionele verbindingstechnieken. De lijmnaad is een geschikte verbindingstechniek om glas constructief aan andere materialen te verbinden en is onderwerp van dit artikel