EFFECT OF REDUCED CARBON SUPPLY ON ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL AND DENITRIFICATION

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Analyses of Thin-Walled Sections under Localised Loading for General End Boundary Conditions – Part II: Buckling

Thin-walled sections under localised loading may lead to buckling of the sections. This paper briefly introduces the development of the Semi-Analytical Finite Strip Method (SAFSM) for buckling analyses of thin-walled sections under localised loading for general end boundary conditions. This method is benchmarked against the Finite Element Method (FEM). For different support and loading conditions, different functions are required for flexural and membrane displacements. In Part 1- Pre-buckling described in a companion paper at this conference, the analysis provides the computation of the stresses for use in the buckling analyses in this paper. Numerical examples of buckling analyses of thin-walled sections under localised loading with different end boundary conditions are also given in the paper in comparison with the FEM

Analyses of Thin-Walled Sections under Localised Loading for General End Boundary Conditions – Part I: Pre-Buckling

The Semi-Analytical Finite Strip Method (SAFSM) for pre-buckling analysis of thin-walled sections under localised loading has been developed for general end boundary conditions. For different boundary conditions at supports and loading point, different displacement functions are required for both flexural and membrane displacements. As the stresses are not uniform along the member due to localised loading, the pre-buckling analysis also requires multiple series terms with orthogonal functions. This paper briefly summaries the displacement functions used for different boundary conditions. In addition, the theory of the SAFSM for pre-buckling analysis of thin-walled sections under localised loading with general end boundary conditions is developed. The analysis is benchmarked against the Finite Element Method (FEM) using software package ABAQUS/Standard. The results from this pre-buckling analysis are deflections (pre-buckling modes) and membrane stresses which are used for the buckling analysis described in Part 2 - Buckling in the companion paper

Design of new cold rolled purlins by experimental testing and Direct Strength Method

New cold roll formed channel and zed sections for purlins, namely UltraBEAM™2 and UltraZED™2, have been developed by Hadley Industries plc using a combined approach of experimental testing, finite element modelling and optimisation techniques. The new sections have improved strength to weight ratio by increasing the section's strength through the use of stiffeners in the section webs. The European standard, Eurocode 3 [1], uses the traditional Effective Width Method to determine the strength of a cold formed steel member. However, the design of the new sections UltraBEAM™2 and UltraZED™2 using this method is very complicated in calculating the effective section properties as these sections contain complex folded-in stiffeners. In addition, the incorporation of competing buckling modes such as distortional buckling of these sections can be difficult to analyse. To overcome difficulties of using Eurocode 3 or such a standard with the Effective Width Method for determining the strength of these sections, the Direct Strength Method is adopted in this paper. Four-point beam bending tests were carried out to determine the buckling and ultimate bending capacities of the UltraBEAM™2 and UltraZED™2 sections. Results from both experimental testing and Finite Element analysis were initially used as validation for the design using the Direct Strength Method. The Direct Strength Method's results were then compared with the experimental test results for a broader data in which the UltraBEAM™2 and UltraZED™2 sections had a range of different width-to-thickness ratios. It showed an excellent agreement between test and Direct Strength design values suggesting that the Direct Strength Method is a powerful tool for the design and optimisation of the new cold roll formed channel and zed purlins.N/

DARK SOIL PITS AND GRAVES IN VOLCANIC CAVE C6.1, KRONG NO, DAK NONG PROVINCE: DOCUMENTATION AND DISCUSSION

Dark soil pits and graves are critical documents discovered in volcanic cave C6.1. As a result of the investigation and excavation of cave C6.1 conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019, we have discovered vestiges of nine dark soil pits and seven relatively intact graves, together with teeth and other human remains scattered in the cultural layer. This is an important source of information on the racial composition of the prehistoric inhabitants of the Central Highlands during the Neolithic period, as well as the paleoenvironment, environmental adaptations, and flora and fauna that prehistoric inhabitants exploited for their livelihoods. This article introduces documents and reconstructs the socioeconomic picture of the prehistoric inhabitants of cave C6.1. It also contributes scientific documents for the general conservation and promotion of heritage to develop sustainable cultural tourism in Dak Nong Province

The process of developing professional capacity for teachers

The primary aim of Vietnam's new educational program is to enhance students' knowledge and skills through practical learning experiences, enabling them to tackle academic and real-world challenges. However, teachers in Dong Thap province face limitations in their professional competencies. Thus, this study aims to address these issues by examining different models for developing teachers' professional competencies. 1,116 participants participated in this study (258 managers and 868 teachers from high schools and preschools) who completed two questionnaires assessing their professional competence and the perceived importance of professional development. The findings reveal that teachers lack subject knowledge, interdisciplinary understanding   and skills in teaching design and assessment. Both school managers and teachers recognize the necessity of professional competence development. A three-step process for enhancing teachers' professional competence is proposed for implementing professional development activities based on these findings

G-CAME: Gaussian-Class Activation Mapping Explainer for Object Detectors

Nowadays, deep neural networks for object detection in images are very prevalent. However, due to the complexity of these networks, users find it hard to understand why these objects are detected by models. We proposed Gaussian Class Activation Mapping Explainer (G-CAME), which generates a saliency map as the explanation for object detection models. G-CAME can be considered a CAM-based method that uses the activation maps of selected layers combined with the Gaussian kernel to highlight the important regions in the image for the predicted box. Compared with other Region-based methods, G-CAME can transcend time constraints as it takes a very short time to explain an object. We also evaluated our method qualitatively and quantitatively with YOLOX on the MS-COCO 2017 dataset and guided to apply G-CAME into the two-stage Faster-RCNN model.Comment: 10 figure

THE SPECIES COMPOSITION IN CATCHES OF GILL-NET IN THE COASTAL AND INSHORE AREA OF BENTRE PROVINCE, VIETNAM

and analyzed. The result of study shows that 105 species belonging to 77 genera and 42 orders have been encountered. In which, demersal fish with 45 species (42.9%), 21 species of pelagic fish (20.0%); 18 species of reef-associated fish (17.1%); shrimps with 14 species (13.3%); crabs with 4 species (3.8%); 2 species of cephalopods (1.9%) and 1 species of seahorse crab (1.0%). In terms of catch composition, the croaker (Sciaenidae), the lizardfishs (Synodontidae) and Anchovies (Engraulidae) dominated with yields up to 60% of the total catch. In terms of species with high economic value and dominant in catches were Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus), Sodier croaker (Nibea soldado) and Green mub crab (Scylla paramamosain) which were play an important economic species and high proportion of the total income

Activities of the practice teaching organization and vocational teaching facilities in collaboration between the vocational school and units employing

The aim of this research is to evaluate the current level of preparation in the organization of practical training as well as the facilities that are available for practical vocational training. The collaboration in education between businesses and vocational schools is an effective strategy. As a result of the rapid transformation that has taken place in the socioeconomic context for professional skills and practical training among employees, a new educational strategy is required to address these demands in order to meet the needs of the workforce. A quantitative method was applied in this research. There were 570 individuals who were chosen at random. According to the findings, the majority of instructors and technicians possessed regulations for conducting practical teaching activities as well as suitable facilities and equipment for the purpose of vocational training. This study presents a number of suggestions for improving the standard of educational institutions as well as the professional growth opportunities available to teachers and lecturers. In addition, facility management and maintenance as well as optimize the instructional facilities and equipment are required

Gravity terrain correction for mainland territory of Vietnam

Terrain corrections for gravity data are a critical concern in rugged topography, because the magnitude of the corrections may be largely relative to the anomalies of interest. That is also important to determine the inner and outer radii beyond which the terrain effect can be neglected. Classical methods such as Lucaptrenco, Beriozkin and Prisivanco are indeed too slow with radius correction and are not extended while methods based on the Nagy’s and Kane’s are usually too approximate for the required accuracy. In order to achieve 0.1 mGal accuracy in terrain correction for mainland territory of Vietnam and reduce the computing time, the best inner and outer radii for terrain correction computation are 2 km and 70 km respectively. The results show that in nearly a half of the Vietnam territory, the terrain correction values ≥ 10 mGal, the corrections are smaller in the plain areas (less than 2 mGal) and higher in the mountainous region, in particular the correction reaches approximately 21 mGal in some locations of northern mountainous region. The complete Bouguer gravity map of mainland territory of Vietnam is reproduced based on the full terrain correction introduced in this paper