An algorithm for solving fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsv equations

By using the fractional power series method, we give an algorithm for solving fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsv equations . Compared to the other method, the fractional power series method is more derect , effective and the algorithm can be implemented as a computer program

The path and eff ect of training and improving practical ability of applied undergraduate data science and big Data teachers

At present, application-oriented undergraduate data science and big data major generally faces the problem of shortage of teachers, lack of practical teaching ability of teachers, lack of practical application ability of graduates, can not meet the needs of employers, and need to go through enterprise training before taking jobs. On the one hand, applied undergraduate can not copy a college training program and teaching mode, should be based on the training objectives of applied undergraduate and market employment demand timely revision of personnel training program, curriculum system and teaching mode. On the other hand, local application-oriented undergraduate big data major teachers are weak, lack of big data technology training environment and slightly lag behind, improve the teaching level of big data teachers, especially the practical ability of teachers is imminent. This paper fi rst analyzes the teaching status and problems of big data major practical courses in our school, and classifi es the practical courses of big data major according to the training direction according to the practical curriculum system. Secondly, it puts forward the ways and methods to improve the practical ability of big data major teachers in our school, and shows the eff ectiveness of school-enterprise cooperation in cultivating the practical ability of big data major teachers in our school

岡山で生産される白色桃の果実サイズ別の果皮色と果汁成分

Skin color and juice constituents in large(L), medium(M), nad small(S) fruits of four peach cultivars, Hashiba-hakuho(early maturing), were analyzed to elucidate the effect of fruit size on the quality. The fruits containing higher soluble solids than 12°Brix were samled at a commercial packing-house located in southen Okayama. They were stored at 25℃ until fully ripened. The skin color on the cheeks (yellowish) was dark in S fruits of Hashiba-hakuto and Hakurei, respectively, compared to the fruits of other sizes. The sucrose + fructose content in juice, the major source of the sweetness, was higher in S and M fruits in Hakuho, Shimisu-hakuto, and Hakurei, while the malic+citric acid content, the major sour constituent, was lower in L fruits in those cultivars, although no significant difference was found in Hashiba-hakuho. Asparagine, the biggest amino acid fraction and thought to deteriorate the fruit taste at high levels, was higher in L fruits tahn in S fruits in Hashiba-hakuho and Hakuho. The content in Shimizu-hakuto and Hakurei fruits was generally low and not affected by fruit size. The content of γ-decalactone, the major peachy aromatic substance, was higher in L fruits in Hashiba-hakuto, in M fruits in Hakuho and Shimizu-hakuto, and in S fruits in Hakurei, than in those of other sizes. Sensory tests revealed that the L fruits of Hakuho and S fruits of Hakurei were poor in flavor. These results suggest that the larger fruits of Hakuho, Shimizu-kakuto, and Hakurei, the representative white peach fruits in Okayama, have rather falatter tastes than medium size fruits because of their lower sweetness and sourness and weaker aroma, as well as poorer texture.岡山市一宮のモモの選果場に出荷された有袋栽培の‘橋場白鳳’（早生），‘白鳳’（早中生），‘清水白桃’（中生）および‘白麗’（晩生）から，３段階のサイズ（Ｌ，Ｍ，Ｓ）の果実を入手し，完熟状態（手で皮が剥ける）に達するまで25℃の室温においた．それらの果実について，果皮色と果汁成分の分析と果肉の食味テストを行い，果実のサイズによる品質の相違を検討した．‘橋場白鳳’では，Ｓ果実は地色が暗く，‘清水白桃’のＬ果実は着色が濃いが色調が暗く，‘白麗’のＬ果実は着色が薄くて黄色が強く，いずれも外観が劣った．果汁中の主要な甘味成分であるスクロース＋フルクトース含量は，‘白鳳’，‘清水白桃’および‘白麗’ではＳまたはＬ果実で高く，酸味成分のリンゴ酸＋クエン酸含量は，それら３品種のＬ果実で最も低かった．‘橋場白鳳’では果実サイズによる糖・酸含量の有意な差がなかった．果実に苦みを与えるアスパラギン含量は，‘橋場白鳳’と‘白鳳’ではＬ果実で高かったが，‘清水白桃’と‘白麗’ではどのサイズでも含量が低かった．モモ香の主成分であるγ-decalactoneは，‘橋場白鳳’ではＬ果実で高かったが，‘白鳳’と‘清水白桃’ではＭ果実で，‘白麗’ではＳ果実で高かった．官能テストの結果，‘白鳳’のＬ果実と‘白麗’のＳ果実は食味が劣った．これらの結果から，岡山の「白桃」を代表する‘白鳳’，‘清水白桃’，‘白麗’の大果は，中程度の大きさの果実より甘味と酸味が低く，アロマが弱いなど，食味が薄く，肉質も劣ると考えられる

Numerical analysis of flexural performances of composite steel-timber beams under fire conditions

Recently, a novel type of composite structure, composite steel-timber (CST) structure, has attracted much attention by combining steel and timber in an effective way to form composite structural components, which unitises the advantages of high strength and excellent ductility of steel and decent sustainability and fire resistance of timber. However, the existing research is lacking, especially in structural fire design and analysis. In this study, based on the sequentially coupled method, the commercial finite element software ABAQUS was used to numerically simulate the dynamic performances in the temperature field and the flexural behaviours in the displacement field for a typical CST beam with a steel element embedded within the Glulam and connected by adhesives and bolts under standard fire for two hours. In the numerical simulations, the temperature distributions within the CST beam were explored, and the flexural performances of the beam in the displacement field were examined. Through the comparative analysis, the temperature distributions in the embedded steel beam and the surrounding Glulam beam under one-hour standard fire verified the advantages of this type of CST beam in structural fire design. Specifically, under a 2-hour standard fire, the surrounding Glulam could still protect the embedded steel beam from sustaining too high temperatures, so as to retain most of its material properties and help maintain the bearing capacity of the whole structure and improve the refractory limit. Parametric studies on the fire resistance of the CST beam were also conducted by adjusting the bolt spacing and the protection thickness of the Glulam. The obtained results indicated that reducing the bolt spacing and the thickness of the Glulam protection layer would have an adverse effect on the temperature distributions in the embedded steel element to a large extent, and would eventually lead to its rapid heating and strength loss and the final failure of the whole CST structure

Architectural formation of growable light steel structure and its 3D visualisation design and construction method

With the applications of new construction technologies and design ideas, innovative construction methods and architectural designs promote overall productivity and enrich architectural impressions. However, faced with the contradictions between construction efficiency, project benefits, and sustainability, together with the dynamically variable social demands and monotonous design of current temporary light steel structures, a new type of growable light steel structure with parameterisable and assembled architectural units is proposed. Besides, a fast-assembled track foundation that can be detachable and recycled is adopted. Both can promote the growth of light steel units. To be specific, its architectural spaces can be extended and contracted, and the structural form and service space can be adjusted by the reorganisation and optimisation of unit arrangements. Meanwhile, due to the advantages of information integrations and 3D visualisations of BIM technology, a BIM-based design and construction method of growable light steel structures is studied. Based on the arrangements of track and parametrically transformed light steel units, this study expands the architectural forms of light steel structures. It explores their respective applications in practical architectural design to solve current shortages of land resources, properly respond to variable building environments, simultaneously enrich the design schemes of current light steel structures, improve the utilisation rate of structural spaces, and enhance the aesthetic sensations of buildings

Seismic performance evaluation of a high-rise building with structural irregularities

In this study, the seismic performances of a 14-storey office building in Nanjing, China, due to its plan and vertical irregularities in the structural system, were evaluated using the response spectrum method, elastic time history analysis and elastic–plastic time history analysis. In combination of these three methods, the storey drifts and elastic–plastic states of typical structural members under three levels of earthquakes were determined to verify the robustness of the structural design program. The damage states of typical structural members at some sensitive positions were estimated and evaluated under rare earthquakes. Consequently, all structural members were within the scope of elastic performances under the actions of frequent earthquakes. The maximum displacements and storey drifts satisfied the requirements of the design codes within the scope of elastic or elastic–plastic deformations. The induced damages could reach “moderate damage” states, satisfying the requirements for the expected performances by the codes. The consequences indicated that the design scheme and critical parameters for the building structure satisfied the requirements of seismic performances from the codes

Coagulation Behavior of Aluminum Salts in Eutrophic Water: Significance of Al13Species and pH Control

The coagulation behavior of aluminum salts in a eutrophic source water was investigated from the viewpoint of Al(III) hydrolysis species transformation. Particular emphasis was paid to the coagulation effect of Al-13 species on removing particles and organic matter. The coagulation behavior of Al coagulants with different basicities was examined through jar tests and hydrolyzed Al(III) speciation distribution characterization in the coagulation process. The results showed that the coagulation efficiency of Al coagulants positively correlated with the content of Al-13 in the coagulation process rather than in the initial coagulants. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was more effective than polyaluminum chloride (PACT) in removing turbidity and dissolved organic matter in eutrophic water because AlCl3 could not only generate Al-13 species but also function as a pH control agent in the coagulation process. The solid-state Al-27 NMR spectra revealed that the precipitates formed from AlCl3 and PACT were significantly different and proved that the preformed Al-13 polymer was more stable than the in situ formed one during the coagulation process. Through regulating Al speciation, pH control could improve the coagulation process especially in DOC removal, and AlCl3 benefited most from pH control

p38α MAPK regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast progenitors and bone remodeling in an aging-dependent manner.

Bone mass is determined by the balance between bone formation, carried out by mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteoblasts, and bone resorption, carried out by monocyte-derived osteoclasts. Here we investigated the potential roles of p38 MAPKs, which are activated by growth factors and cytokines including RANKL and BMPs, in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by ablating p38α MAPK in LysM+monocytes. p38α deficiency promoted monocyte proliferation but regulated monocyte osteoclastic differentiation in a cell-density dependent manner, with proliferating p38α-/- cultures showing increased differentiation. While young mutant mice showed minor increase in bone mass, 6-month-old mutant mice developed osteoporosis, associated with an increase in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption and an increase in the pool of monocytes. Moreover, monocyte-specific p38α ablation resulted in a decrease in bone formation and the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, likely due to decreased expression of PDGF-AA and BMP2. The expression of PDGF-AA and BMP2 was positively regulated by the p38 MAPK-Creb axis in osteoclasts, with the promoters of PDGF-AA and BMP2 having Creb binding sites. These findings uncovered the molecular mechanisms by which p38α MAPK regulates osteoclastogenesis and coordinates osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis

Ten-year changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity among the Chinese adults in urban Shanghai, 1998–2007 — comparison of two cross-sectional surveys

BACKGROUND: In China, obesity is expected to increase rapidly in both urban and rural areas. However, there have been no comprehensive reports on secular trends in obesity prevalence among Chinese adults in urban Shanghai, which is the largest city in southern China. METHODS: In 1998–2001 and again in 2007–2008, two independent population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Shanghai to investigate the prevalence of metabolic disorders. These surveys obtained height, waist circumference (WC), and weight measurements for Chinese adults aged between 20 and 74 years who lived in urban communities. From the 1998–2001 survey, 4,894 participants (2,081 men and 2,813 women, mean age: 48.9 years) were recruited, and 4,395 participants (1,599 men and 2,796 women, mean age: 49.8 years) were recruited from the 2007–2008 survey. Using the World Health Organization criteria, overweight was defined as 25 kg/m(2) ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m(2) and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2). Central obesity was defined as WC ≥ 90 cm in men or ≥85 cm in women. The differences in prevalence of obesity, central obesity and overweight between the two surveys were tested using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Compared to the 1998–2001 survey, in the 2007–2008 survey the BMI distribution for men and the WC distribution for both genders is shifted significantly to the right along the x-axis (all p < 0.001). Over the ten years, the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity increased 24% (from 31.5% to 39.1%, p < 0.001) in men, but decreased 8% (from 27.3% to 25.0%; p < 0.01) in women. The prevalence of central obesity increased 40% in men (from 19.5% to 27.3%; p < 0.01), but the increase was not significant in women (15.0% to 17.1%; p = 0.051). In the total population, only central obesity showed a significant change between the populations in the two surveys, increasing 29% (from 17.3% to 22.4%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Over this 10 year period, central obesity increased significantly in the Shanghai adult population. However, the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was significantly increased in men but not in women