First record of Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera Aleyrodidae) in Montenegro

In October 2013, orange spiny whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was detected for the first time in Montenegro. It was found in citrus orchards in Baošići (orange and mandarin), Herceg Novi (mandarin) and Kumbor (orange), in an area of Boka Kotor Bay on the Adriatic Sea (latitude 42° 26’ north). A. spiniferus is regulated in the European Union and therefore an immediate survey of the whole montenegrin coastal area, where citrus production occurs, was undertaken. The pest was additionally found in Djnovići, on a small number of mandarin and lemon trees. A. spiniferus is polyphagous and a major pest of citrus. It originated in southeast Asia and has spread widely in tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa and the Pacific Islands. In Europe it was first detected in Italy (2008) and subsequently in Croatia (2012). It presents a potential risk for citrus production in Montenegro, particularly for the important citrus producing areas of Bar and Ulcinj. These areas, geographically more southern than the area of first detection, are still free from the pest. Additionally, the whitefly presents a potential risk for other host plants grown in Montenegro where the climatic conditions are suitable for acclimatization of A. spiniferus

Pojava, intenzitet napada i suzbijanje dvije nove vrste eriofida, Aceria oleae i Shevtchenkella barensis na sadnicama masline u Crnoj Gori

Only two species of eriophyoid mites, Ditrimacus athiasella Keifer and Oxycenus maxwelli (Keifer), have been registered in Montenegro until recently. Late in April 2007, chlorotic spots and deformations were found on apical leaves of one-year old seedlings of the žutica variety in a greenhouse in the town of Bar. Two species of eriophyoid mites were identified from the collected material, Aceria oleae, a widely distributed species in Mediterranean countries, and Shevtchenkela barensis, described as a new species in the world acarofauna. The intensity of infestation was calculated from all visually examined seedlings (2,560), as well as the percentage of seedlings with observed symptoms. Applying the method of periodic sampling, 50 seedlings (2 % of the total number) were choosen. The intensity of injury was estimated on the new growth. Of the total number of examined seedlings, obvious symptoms were detected on 61.45% of the plants. Of the 50 chosen seedlings, 56 % had all of their young leaflets injuried. Mite control was applied three times. After the third treatment, new leaves without symptoms emerged, while untreated seedlings stopped to grow, their injuried leaves fell off and the seedlings ultimately dried out completely.U Crnoj Gori su na maslini do sada, registrovane dvije vrste eriofidnih grinja: Ditrimacus athiasella Keifer i Oxycenus maxwelli (Keifer). Krajem aprila 2007. godine u jednom stakleniku u Baru, registrovane su hlorotične promjene i deformacije na vršnim listovima jednogodišnjih sadnica sorte žutica. Sa sakupljenog materijala identifikovane su dvije vrste eriofidnih grinja: Aceria oleae koja je široko raprostranjena u zemljama Mediterana i Shevtchenkela barensis koja je nova vrsta za svjetsku akarofaunu. Radi utvrđivanja intenziteta napada izvršen je vizuelni pregled svih sadnica u stakleniku (2560) i utvrđen procenat sadnica sa vidljivim simptomima napada. Metodom slučajnog izbora, odabrano je 50 sadnica (2% od ukupnog broja) i na novom prirastu izvršena ocjena intenziteta napada. Od ukupnog broja pregledanih sadnica na 61,45% utvrđeni su vidljivi simptomi napada, a od 50 odabranih, na 56% svi mladi listovi su bili napadnuti. Suzbijanje grinja obavljeno je u tri navrata preparatima na bazi dimetoata, sumpora i endosulfana. Nakon trećeg tretmana, pojavili su se mladi listovi na kojima nije bilo simptoma napada, dok su netretirane sadnice prestale sa rastom, napadnuti listovi su otpali što je dovelo do potpunog sušenja tih sadnica

Prvi nalaz Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) u Crnoj Gori

The spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive pest originating from Southeast Asia. It was detected for the first time in Europe in 2008 (Spain and Italy) and subsequently in other European countries. It is a highly polyphagous pest that infests healthy, ripening fruit and presents a serious threat to fruit production, particularly of soft skinned fruit. In the first half of October 2013, a new fruit fly species was unexpectedly detected in Tephri traps baited with the three-component female-biased attractant BioLure that is regularly used for monitoring the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Montenegro. Brief visual inspection identified the new species as the spotted wing drosophila D. suzukii. The pest was first recorded in several localities on the Montenegrin seacoast around Boka Kotor Bay. After the finding, all Drosophila specimens were collected from traps for further laboratory observation. A quick follow-up monitoring of other Tephri traps was carried out within the next few days on the rest of the seacoast (localities from Tivat to Ulcinj). Additionally, Tephri traps were set up around Lake Skadar and in the city of Podgorica, as well as on fresh fruit markets in Podgorica. The results of this preliminary study showed that D. suzukii was present in all surveyed locations and adults were captured until late December. Both sexes were found in traps with BioLure. Our data show that D. suzukii is present in southern parts of Montenegro and there is a serious threat of its further spreading, particularly towards northern parts of the country where the main raspberry and blueberry production is placed. The results also show that Tephri traps baited with BioLure can be used for detection and monitoring of spotted wing drosophila.Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) je invazivna vrsta porijeklom iz jugoistočne Azije. U Evropi je prvi put nađena 2008. godine (Španija i Italija), a nakon toga i u ostalim evropskim zemljama. Ova veoma polifagna štetočina napada zdrave plodove u fazi zrenja i zbog toga predstavlja veliku opasnost za voćarsku proizvodnju, a naročito za proizvodnju sitnog voća. U prvoj polovini oktobra 2013. godine utvrđeno je prisustvo odraslih jedinki nove vrste u Tephri klopkama sa trikomponentnim atraktantom BioLure koji se standardno koristi za monitoring mediteranske voćne muve Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. (Diptera: Tephritidae) u Crnoj Gori. Vizuelni pregled klopki ukazivao je da se radi o novoj vrsti, D. suzukii. Vrsta je prvo zabilježena u lokalitetima u bokokotorskom zalivu (Baošići, Đenovići i Kumbor). Nakon ovog nalaza sve jedinke Drosophila sp. su sakupljene radi daljeg laboratorijskog ispitivanja. U narednih nekoliko dana izvršeni su pregledi Tephri klopki i na ostalom dijelu crnogorskog primorja (lokaliteti od Tivta do Ulcinja). Pored toga, Tephri klopke su postavljene u okolini Skadarskog jezera i na području Podgorice, uključujući i zelene pijace. Rezultati ovog preliminarnog istraživanja su pokazali prisustvo D. suzukii u svim posmatranim lokalitetima i hvatanje odraslih jedinki do kraja decembra. U klopkama sa BioLure nađene su jedinke oba pola. Utvrđeno prisustvo D. suzukii u južnom dijelu Crne Gore predstavlja veliku opasnost od njenog daljeg širenja, posebno prema sjeveru zemlje koje je glavno proizvodno područje maline i borovnice. Dobijeni rezultati, takođe, pokazuju da se Tephri klopke sa atraktantom BioLure mogu koristiti za utvrđivanje prisustva i monitoring ove vrste

First record of spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Montenegro

The spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive pest originating from Southeast Asia. It was detected for the first time in Europe in 2008 (Spain and Italy) and subsequently in other European countries. It is a highly polyphagous pest that infests healthy, ripening fruit and presents a serious threat to fruit production, particularly of soft skinned fruit. In the first half of October 2013, a new fruit fly species was unexpectedly detected in Tephri traps baited with the three-component female-biased attractant BioLure that is regularly used for monitoring the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Montenegro. Brief visual inspection identified the new species as the spotted wing drosophila D. suzukii. The pest was first recorded in several localities on the Montenegrin seacoast around Boka Kotor Bay. After the finding, all Drosophila specimens were collected from traps for further laboratory observation. A quick follow-up monitoring of other Tephri traps was carried out within the next few days on the rest of the seacoast (localities from Tivat to Ulcinj). Additionally, Tephri traps were set up around Lake Skadar and in the city of Podgorica, as well as on fresh fruit markets in Podgorica. The results of this preliminary study showed that D. suzukii was present in all surveyed locations and adults were captured until late December. Both sexes were found in traps with BioLure. Our data show that D. suzukii is present in southern parts of Montenegro and there is a serious threat of its further spreading, particularly towards northern parts of the country where the main raspberry and blueberry production is placed. The results also show that Tephri traps baited with BioLure can be used for detection and monitoring of spotted wing drosophila

Dinamika populacije predimaginalnih stadijuma muve masline Bactrocera oleae Gmel. (Diptera, Tephritidae) na području Bara

Olive fruit fly is the most harmful pest of olive fruits and important for oil production. Damage involves yield reduction as a consequence of premature fruit drop, but also a reduced quality of olive oil and olive products. There is little available data regarding the biology of Bactrocera oleae in Montenegro. Knowledge of the pest life cycle and development would improve optimization of insecticide application timing and protection of fruits, and reduce adverse effects on the environment. Investigation was conducted on the Žutica variety in an olive grove located in Bar during a three-year period. Population dynamics of the pre-imaginal stages and level of fruit infestation were monitored from mid-July until the end of October. The results of this three-year investigation showed that the beginning of infestation was always at the end of July. It was also found that, depending on environmental conditions, the level of infestation was low until the end of August. In September and October it multiplied, and reached maximum by the end of October. Regarding infestation structure, eggs and first instar larvae were the dominant developmental stages of the pest until the middle of September. From mid-September until mid- October all developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae) were equally present in infested fruits. Pupae, cocoons and abandoned galleries prevailed until the harvest.Najveće štete u proizvodnji maslina i maslinovog ulja pričinjava muva masline. Štete se ogledaju u smanjenju prinosa usljed prijevremenog otpadanja ploda, ali i u smanjenju kvaliteta maslinovog ulja i proizvoda od masline. O biologiji Bactrocera oleae u Crnoj Gori malo je podataka. Saznanja o razvojnom ciklusu ove štetočine doprinijela bi optimizaciji vremena primjene insekticida a time i boljoj zaštiti ploda, te smanjenju štetnih efekta na životnu sredinu. Istraživanja su sprovedena u zasadu masline sorte žutica u Baru, u trogodišnjem periodu. Dinamika populacije predimaginalnih stadijuma i nivo infestacije ploda praćeni su od početka jula do kraja oktobra. Početak infestacije u sve tri godine istraživanja konstatovan je krajem jula. Do kraja avgusta, zavisno od uslova sredine, infestacija je niska. U septembru i oktobru višestruko se povećava i najveća je krajem oktobra. U strukturi infestacije do sredine septembra dominiraju jaja i larve (L1). Od sredine septembra do sredine oktobra prisustvo svih razvojnih stadijuma (jaje, larva, lutka) štetočine u plodovima je ujednačeno, nakon čega preovladavaju lutke, lutkine košuljice i napuštene galerije