Analog of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality for steering

The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality (and its permutations), are necessary and sufficient criteria for Bell nonlocality in the simplest Bell-nonlocality scenario: 2 parties, 2 measurements per party and 2 outcomes per measurement. Here we derive an inequality for EPR-steering that is an analogue of the CHSH, in that it is necessary and sufficient in this same scenario. However, since in the case of steering the device at Bob's site must be specified (as opposed to the Bell case in which it is a black box), the scenario we consider is that where Alice performs two (black-box) dichotomic measurements, and Bob performs two mutually unbiased qubit measurements. We show that this inequality is strictly weaker than the CHSH, as expected, and use it to decide whether a recent experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 130401 (2013).] involving a single-photon split between two parties has demonstrated EPR-steering.Comment: Expanded v2, new results, new figure. 9 pages, 2 figure

Ruling out higher-order interference from purity principles

As first noted by Rafael Sorkin, there is a limit to quantum interference. The interference pattern formed in a multi-slit experiment is a function of the interference patterns formed between pairs of slits, there are no genuinely new features resulting from considering three slits instead of two. Sorkin has introduced a hierarchy of mathematically conceivable higher-order interference behaviours, where classical theory lies at the first level of this hierarchy and quantum theory theory at the second. Informally, the order in this hierarchy corresponds to the number of slits on which the interference pattern has an irreducible dependence. Many authors have wondered why quantum interference is limited to the second level of this hierarchy. Does the existence of higher-order interference violate some natural physical principle that we believe should be fundamental? In the current work we show that such principles can be found which limit interference behaviour to second-order, or "quantum-like", interference, but that do not restrict us to the entire quantum formalism. We work within the operational framework of generalised probabilistic theories, and prove that any theory satisfying Causality, Purity Preservation, Pure Sharpness, and Purification---four principles that formalise the fundamental character of purity in nature---exhibits at most second-order interference. Hence these theories are, at least conceptually, very "close" to quantum theory. Along the way we show that systems in such theories correspond to Euclidean Jordan algebras. Hence, they are self-dual and, moreover, multi-slit experiments in such theories are described by pure projectors.Comment: 18+8 pages. Comments welcome. v2: Minor correction to Lemma 5.1, main results are unchange

The road to equality - developing the protection against discrimination on racial or ethnic grounds within the European Union.

PhDIn 2000, the European Union adopted a Directive against discrimination on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin. This Directive was one of the first legislative measures taken by the EU in the fight against racism and racial discrimination. The Thesis examines whether the Directive improves the protection against discrimination on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin for people within the EU by an in-depth analysis and evaluation of the Directive as a whole in relation to the theoretical concepts of race and racism and of models of anti discrimination law. This analysis includes a discussion of the need for and the effectiveness of legislation in general and of legislation at EU level in the fight against racism and racial discrimination and an evaluation of the anti discrimination clauses of the international and European human rights instruments. The Directive is studied in these wider contexts because they have all been influential upon its development and because they provide both the framework and a set of standards for the examination and evaluation of the Race Directive and its effectiveness in protecting people within the EU against racial or ethnic origin discrimination. The Thesis concludes with an assessment of how far the EU has come on the road to equality with the adoption of the Directive and the subsequent developments; or, in other words, how far the EU has progressed towards achieving equality for all people in Europe

A tale of rhetoric and survival: a multi-case analysis of student affairs within public universities in the Philippines

In the light of decreasing government support albeit growing complexities of providing quality higher education, universities are adapting various coping strategies. The student affairs unit is one sector within the university which can reflect such adaptive strategies. Using a multisite-case study method of seven selected public universities in the Philippines, the study explores the roles of student affairs from the perception of its stakeholders and its tacit roles as emergent from an analysis of the university’s context, these are: a) as a catalyst for sustaining institutional identity; b) as a source for supplemental material resource, c) as a provider of alternative learning from the academics, and, finally, d) as a mediator between the external and institutional environment. These roles reflect the attempts of student affairs in public universities in the Philippines to contribute to the holistic development of the students regardless of the challenges of its milieu. The findings could shed insight for policy makers, educational leaders and political leaders on how best to encourage, sustain and harness these substantive coping strategies

Habituated: A Merleau-Pontian Analysis of the Smartphone

This paper offers a phenomenological account of our relationship to our smartphones rooted in the work of philosophers Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) and Drew Leder (1954–). We argue that the nature of this relationship has implications for the ways we conceptualize and promote information literacy in the era of mobile ubiquity. After reviewing recent LIS literature on mobile devices in libraries, we discuss Merleau-Ponty’s notion of the habit body and Drew Leder’s development of the Merleau-Pontian concept of incorporation. We then apply these concepts to our use of smartphones, paying particular attention to the incorporation of the smartphone in our bodily habit and what this means for our relationship to the information we access on this device. The paper concludes by considering how the insights from this analysis of the smartphone could be integrated into existing information literacy conversations through the lens of dispositions

Dysfunctional eating behaviours, anxiety and depression in Italian boys and girls: the role of mass media

Objective: Extensive research has implicated identification with characters in mass media in the emergence of disordered eating behavior in adolescents. We explored the possible influence of the models offered by television (TV) on adolescents’ body image, body uneasiness, eating-disordered behavior, depression, and anxiety. Methods: Three hundred and one adolescents (aged 14-19) from southern Italy participated. They completed a questionnaire on media exposure and body dissatisfaction, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Body Uneasiness Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Form Y. Results: The main factors contributing to females’ eating-disordered behaviors were their own desires to be similar to TV characters, the amount of reality and entertainment TV they watched, and the discrepancy between their perceptions of their bodies and those of TV characters. Friends’ desire to be similar to TV characters contributed most to depression, anxiety, body uneasiness, and eating disorders for both males and females. Conclusion: Our data confirm that extensive watching of reality and entertainment TV correlates with eating-disordered behavior among females. Moreover, the well-known negative effects of the media on adolescents’ eating-disordered behaviors may also be indirectly transmitted by friends who share identification with TV characters

Studies on the bactericidal activities of the 4-quinolones

The 4-quinolones act primarily on the A subunit of DNA gyrase coded by the gyrA gene. The nalA mutation in gyrA was found to abolish mechanism B which is the first evidence that mechanism B may reside within gyrase. The coumarins novobiocin and coumermycin inhibit the B subunit of DNA gyrase. The sensitivities of the Escherichia coli KL16 nalR mutants to both coumarins were investigated. New novobiocin-resistant (novR) and coumermycin resistant (couR) mutants of E.coli KL16 and Staphylococci warneri were isolated and their sensitivities to ciprofloxacin, novobiocin and coumermycin determined. Both species showed incomplete cross-resistance. Other workers have found that the 4-quinolone antibacterials do not seem to interact with the coumarin antibacterials when minimum inhibitory concentration tests were used to judge interactions. However, when bactericidal interactions between the 4- quinolones and novobiocin or coumermycin were studied in this thesis with E.coli KL16 and Staphylococci significant antagonism of the 4-quinolones by the coumarins was found in all combinations tested. These results agreed with in vivo findings, which hence disagreed with the in vitro results of other workers. SOS DNA repair did not repair damage caused by nalidixic acid, while recombination repair did repair damage caused by the drug. Ciprofloxacin- ofloxacin- and norfloxacin-induced damage, however, showed some differences as regards these DNA repair systems. Nalidixic acid possesses only one mechanism of bactericidal activity, termed A, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin possess mechanisms A, B and C, while norfloxacin possesses mechanisms A and C. Mechanism B, which does not require protein synthesis or RNA synthesis nor bacteria capable of dividing, was found to operate when drug concentrations reached the co-operative binding concentrations with supercoiled DNA. The effect of the 4-quinolones and coumarin antibacterials on DNA supercoiling was investigated by alkaline or in situ lysis. In-situ lysis was found to be more appropiate than alkaline lysis for such investigations. 4-quinolones are known to exhibit post antibiotic effects (PAE's). E.coli KL16, Staph, aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes were investigated for PAE's with ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and a new cephalosporin, cefdinir. PAE's were found with all three drugs in Staph, aureus and Strep, pyogenes. However in E.coli PAE's were only found with ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin and were generally absent with Klebsiella pneumoniae

Dynamics and Topology of Flexible Chains: Knots in Steady Shear Flows

We use numerical simulations of a bead-spring model chain to investigate the evolution of the conformation of long and flexible elastic fibers in a steady shear flow. In particular, for rather open initial configurations, and by varying a dimensionless elastic parameter, we identify two distinct conformational modes with different final size, shape, and orientation. Through further analysis we identify slipknots in the chain. Finally, we provide examples of initial configurations of an "open" trefoil knot that the flow unknots and then knots again, sometimes repeating several times. These changes in topology should be reflected in changes in bulk rheological and/or transport properties.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure

Orange-Flesh Sweet Potato - Promising Partnerships for Assuring the Integration of Nutritional Concerns into Agricultural Research and Extension

Research Results from the Department of Policy Analysis MARD-Directorate of Economicsfood security, food policy, Mozambique, sweet potato, malnutrition, Crop Production/Industries, Food Security and Poverty, Q18,

SLA BASED FEDERATED E-MARITIME SERVICES

We consider a SOA based service engineering framework as a robust engineering approach to the elaboration and analysis of functional and quality requirements, as well the formal testing of architectural solutions of emerging e-maritime systemst. Autonomic systems and related architectural frameworks are considered towards engineering e-maritime services. E-maritime services’ interfaces, behavior, and service composition design and testing aspects are discussed. A SOA SLA approach is proposed so as to enable e-maritime service properties to be formally agreed, negotiated and offered over an e-maritime SOA platform