1,039 research outputs found
Phase II study of S-1, a novel oral fluoropyrimidine derivative, in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma
This study set out to evaluate, in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma, the efficacy and toxicity of S-1, which contains tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate, based on a biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) targeted at inhibition of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Sixty-three patients with measurable metastatic colorectal carcinoma were enrolled into the study. None of the patients had received prior chemotherapy except for adjuvant setting. S-1 was administered orally twice daily at a standard dose of 80 mg m–2day–1for 28 days followed by a 14-day rest. This agent is continued until disease progression, unaccepted toxicity, or patient refusal. Twenty-two (35%) of the 62 eligible patients achieved PR with a 95% confidence interval of 25–48%. Five of the 10 patients with a history of adjuvant chemotherapy achieved partial remission. The median survival time was 12 months. Major adverse reactions included myelosuppressive and gastrointestinal toxicities, though their incidence of grade 3 or 4 being 13% in neutropenia and less than 10% in the others. None of the 53 patients treated as outpatients required hospitalization due to adverse reactions: These results suggest that S-1 achieves similar responses to those of infusional 5-FU plus leucovorin and shows the potential of another biochemical modulation with easily manageable toxicity. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig
Anomalous Stability of nu=1 Bilayer Quantum Hall State
We have studied the fractional and integer quantum Hall (QH) effects in a
high-mobility double-layer two-dimensional electron system. We have compared
the "stability" of the QH state in balanced and unbalanced double quantum
wells. The behavior of the n=1 QH state is found to be strikingly different
from all others. It is anomalously stable, though all other states decay, as
the electron density is made unbalanced between the two quantum wells. We
interpret the peculiar features of the nu=1 state as the consequences of the
interlayer quantum coherence developed spontaneously on the basis of the
composite-boson picture.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Exploring the Thermodynamics of a Universal Fermi Gas
From sand piles to electrons in metals, one of the greatest challenges in
modern physics is to understand the behavior of an ensemble of strongly
interacting particles. A class of quantum many-body systems such as neutron
matter and cold Fermi gases share the same universal thermodynamic properties
when interactions reach the maximum effective value allowed by quantum
mechanics, the so-called unitary limit [1,2]. It is then possible to simulate
some astrophysical phenomena inside the highly controlled environment of an
atomic physics laboratory. Previous work on the thermodynamics of a
two-component Fermi gas led to thermodynamic quantities averaged over the trap
[3-5], making it difficult to compare with many-body theories developed for
uniform gases. Here we develop a general method that provides for the first
time the equation of state of a uniform gas, as well as a detailed comparison
with existing theories [6,14]. The precision of our equation of state leads to
new physical insights on the unitary gas. For the unpolarized gas, we prove
that the low-temperature thermodynamics of the strongly interacting normal
phase is well described by Fermi liquid theory and we localize the superfluid
transition. For a spin-polarized system, our equation of state at zero
temperature has a 2% accuracy and it extends the work of [15] on the phase
diagram to a new regime of precision. We show in particular that, despite
strong correlations, the normal phase behaves as a mixture of two ideal gases:
a Fermi gas of bare majority atoms and a non-interacting gas of dressed
quasi-particles, the fermionic polarons [10,16-18].Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Measurement of the cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum at solar minimum with a long-duration balloon flight over Antarctica
The energy spectrum of cosmic-ray antiprotons from 0.17 to 3.5 GeV has been
measured using 7886 antiprotons detected by BESS-Polar II during a
long-duration flight over Antarctica near solar minimum in December 2007 and
January 2008. This shows good consistency with secondary antiproton
calculations. Cosmologically primary antiprotons have been investigated by
comparing measured and calculated antiproton spectra. BESS-Polar II data show
no evidence of primary antiprotons from evaporation of primordial black holes.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Phase Transition in \nu=2 Bilayer Quantum Hall State
The Hall-plateau width and the activation energy were measured in the bilayer
quantum Hall state at filling factor \nu=2, 1 and 2/3, by changing the total
electron density and the density ratio in the two quantum wells. Their behavior
are remarkably different from one to another. The \nu=1 state is found stable
over all measured range of the density difference, while the \nu=2/3$ state is
stable only around the balanced point. The \nu=2 state, on the other hand,
shows a phase transition between these two types of the states as the electron
density is changed.Comment: 5 pages including figures, RevTe
Interlayer Coherence in the and Bilayer Quantum Hall States
We have measured the Hall-plateau width and the activation energy of the
bilayer quantum Hall (BLQH) states at the Landau-level filling factor
and 2 by tilting the sample and simultaneously changing the electron density in
each quantum well. The phase transition between the commensurate and
incommensurate states are confirmed at and discovered at . In
particular, three different BLQH states are identified; the compound
state, the coherent commensurate state, and the coherent incommensurate state.Comment: 4 pages including 5 figure
Healthy Campus Trial: A multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) fully factorial trial to optimize the smartphone cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) app for mental health promotion among university students: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
This is the final version. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.After the publication of the primary findings, the de-identified and completely anonymized individual participant-level dataset will be posted on the
UMIN-ICDR website (http://www.umin.ac.jp/icdr/index-j.html) so that it can
be accessed by qualified researchers.Background: Youth in general and college life in particular are characterized by new educational, vocational, and interpersonal challenges, opportunities, and substantial stress. It is estimated that 30-50% of university students meet criteria for some mental disorder, especially depression, in any given year. The university has traditionally provided many channels to promote students' mental health, but until now only a minority have sought such help, possibly owing to lack of time and/or to stigma related to mental illness. Smartphone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) shows promise for its accessibility and effectiveness. However, its most effective components and for whom it is more (or less) effective are not known. Methods/design: Based on the multiphase optimization strategy framework, this study is a parallel-group, multicenter, open, fully factorial trial examining five smartphone-delivered CBT components (self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, assertion training, and problem solving) among university students with elevated distress, defined as scoring 5 or more on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The primary outcome is change in PHQ-9 scores from baseline to week 8. We will estimate specific efficacy of the five components and their interactions through the mixed-effects repeated-measures analysis and propose the most effective and efficacious combinations of components. Effect modification by selected baseline characteristics will be examined in exploratory analyses. Discussion: The highly efficient experimental design will allow identification of the most effective components and the most efficient combinations thereof among the five components of smartphone CBT for university students. Pragmatically, the findings will help make the most efficacious CBT package accessible to a large number of distressed university students at reduced cost; theoretically, they will shed light on the underlying mechanisms of CBT and help further advance CBT for depression
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