Routing in Wireless Multimedia Home Networks

This paper describes an adapted version of the destination sequenced distance vector routing protocol (DSDV) which is suitable to calculate routes in a wireless real-time home network. The home network is based on a IEEE 802.11b ad hoc network and uses a scheduled token to enforce real-time behaviour to support multimedia streams. The multimedia network protocol works for both single-hop and multi-hop networks, however in the latter case special measures have to be taken to forward streams from node to node and to find routes. Existing routing protocols exhibit non-deterministic behaviour which may interfere with the correct streaming of multimedia. The proposed routing protocol does not rely on flooding, instead it piggy-backs the real-time token and behaves in a predictable manner. Simulation of the routing protocol shows that routes in the network are found in finite time

Communicating Personal Gadgets

This paper focuses on communication in personal area networks. A personal area networks (PAN) is characterized as an informal collection, or community, of connected small, lightweight, and resource-lean devices, or gadgets. Two basic concepts are visible in the development of PANs, the distributed and the centralized concept. The paper introduces a real-time communication protocol that is suitable for both concepts. The communication protocol can deal with several types of traffic: real-time or nonreal- time, bursty or isochronous, high or low bitrate. The protocol is undemanding in terms of resources, so even simple devices can participate in the network. The network is simulated and a prototype is realized

Routing in Wireless Multimedia Home Networks

This paper describes an adapted version of the destination sequenced distance vector routing protocol (DSDV) which is suitable to calculate routes in a wireless real-time home network. The home network is based on a IEEE 802.11b ad hoc network and uses a scheduled token to enforce real-time behaviour to support multimedia streams. The multimedia network protocol works for both single-hop and multi-hop networks, however in the latter case special measures have to be taken to forward streams from node to node and to find routes. Existing routing protocols exhibit non-deterministic behaviour which may interfere with the correct streaming of multimedia. The proposed routing protocol does not rely on flooding, instead it piggy-backs the real-time token and behaves in a predictable manner. Simulation of the routing protocol shows that routes in the network are found in finite time

Routing in Wireless Multimedia Home Networks

This paper describes an adapted version of the destination sequenced distance vector routing protocol (DSDV) which is suitable to calculate routes in a wireless --real-time-- home network. The home network is based on a IEEE 802.11b ad hoc network and uses a scheduled token to enforce real-time behaviour to support multimedia streams. The multimedia network protocol works for both single-hop and multi-hop networks, however in the latter case special measures have to be taken to forward streams from node to node and to find routes. Existing routing protocols exhibit non-deterministic behaviour which may interfere with the correct streaming of multimedia. The proposed routing protocol does not rely on flooding, instead it piggy-backs the real-time token and behaves in a predictable manner. Simulation of the routing protocol shows that routes in the network are found in finite time

Cartilaginous airway wall dimensions and airway resistance in cystic fibrosis lungs

It is not clear how airway pathology relates to the severity of airflow obstruction and increased bronchial responsiveness in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to measure the airway dimensions of CF patients and to estimate the importance of these dimensions to airway resistance using a computational model, Airway dimensions were measured in lungs obtained from CF patients who had undergone lung transplantation (n=12), lobectomy (n=1), or autopsy (n=4), These dimensions were compared to those of airways from lobectomy specimens from 72 patients with various degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The airway dimensions of the CP and COPD patients were introduced into a computational model to study their effect on airway resistance, The inner wall and smooth muscle areas of peripheral CF airways were increased 3.3- and 4.3-fold respectively compared to those of COPD airways, The epithelium was 53% greater in height in peripheral CF airways, The sensitivity and maximal plateau resistance of the computed dose/response curves were substantially increased in the CF patients compared to COPD patients. The changes in airway dimensions of cystic fibrosis patients probably contribute to the severe airflow obstruction, and to increased bronchial responsiveness, in these patients

Predominance of rhinovirus in the nose of symptomatic and asymptomatic infants

Respiratory infections in infancy may protect against developing Th2-mediated allergic disease (hygiene hypothesis). To estimate the relative contribution of particular viruses to the development of the immune system and allergic disease, we investigated longitudinally the prevalence of respiratory viral infections in infants. One hundred and twenty-six healthy infants were included in this prospective birth cohort study in their first year of life. Physical examination was performed and nasal brush samples were taken during routine visits every 6 months and during an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (sick visits). The prevalence of respiratory viral infections in infants with URTI, infants with rhinitis without general malaise and infants without nasal symptoms was studied. Rhinovirus was the most prevalent pathogen during URTI and rhinitis in 0- to 2-year-old infants (similar to40%). During URTI, also respiratory syncytial virus (similar to20%) and coronavirus (similar to10%) infections were found, which were rarely detected in infants with rhinitis. Surprisingly, in 20% of infants who did not present with nasal symptoms, rhinovirus infections were also detected. During routine visits at 12 months, a higher prevalence of rhinovirus infections was found in infants who attended day-care compared with those who did not. We did not observe a relation between breast-feeding or smoking by one or both parents and the prevalence of rhinovirus infections. The parental history of atopy was not related to the prevalence of rhinovirus infection, indicating that the genetic risk of allergic disease does not seem to increase the chance of rhinovirus infections. In conclusion, rhinovirus infection is the most prevalent respiratory viral infection in infants. It may therefore affect the maturation of the immune system and the development of allergic disease considerabl