20 research outputs found
Determination of the size distribution of non-spherical nanoparticles by electric birefringence-based methods
The in situ determination of the size distribution of dispersed non-spherical nanoparticles is an essential
characterization tool for the investigation and use of colloidal suspensions. In this work, we test a size
characterization method based on the measurement of the transient behaviour of the birefringence
induced in the dispersions by pulsed electric fields. The specific shape of such relaxations depends on the
distribution of the rotational diffusion coefficient of the suspended particles. We analyse the measured
transient birefringence with three approaches: the stretched-exponential, Watson-Jennings, and multiexponential
methods. These are applied to six different types of rod-like and planar particles: PTFE
rods, goethite needles, single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes, sodium montmorillonite particles
and gibbsite platelets. The results are compared to electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering
measurements. The methods here considered provide good or excellent results in all cases, proving that
the analysis of the transient birefringence is a powerful tool to obtain complete size distributions of
non-spherical particles in suspension.Financial support of this investigation by Junta de AndalucĂa, Spain (grant No. PE2012-FQM0694) and University
of Granada (Program “Proyectos de investigación precompetitivos”) is gratefully acknowledged
Risk Models for Capital Adequacy: Applications in the Context of Solvency II and Beyond
In the context of the quantitative requirements under pillar 1 of Solvency II, internal risk models quantify a specific company's risk position, that is, measure the risk capital it requires. Because the individual insurance company's situation is modelled, its risk landscape is reflected more accurately than if a standard model approach were used. A brief case study indicates that internal risk models should be used not only to fulfill regulatory requirements, they have to and they do feature more benefits: risk models foster risk management processes; therefore, they are capable of supporting risk-based business decisions. Finally, they constitute a kernel for any risk-based performance measurement framework. The Geneva Papers (2006) 31, 528–550. doi:10.1057/palgrave.gpp.2510095