The Primacy of Knowledge: A Critical Survey of Timothy Williamson's Views on Knowledge, Assertion and Scepticism

The following thesis discusses a range of central aspects in Timothy Williamson’s so-called «knowledge-first» epistemology. In particular, it adresses whether this kind of epistemological framework is apt to answer the challenges of scepticism

Kunnskapens Metafysikk

This paper discusses and develops an account in the metaphysics of knowledge where knowledge is explained as a metaphysically primitive relation holding between a subject (or mind) and a fact

Ethics and the Nature of Action

The following thesis starts from the question «why be moral?» and adresses an action-theoretic strategy for answering this question in the positive by reference to the constitutive natur of actions. In these debates, the epistemology of action has turned into a central issue. The thesis adresses these debates and develops a novel account of the epistemology: an account that may well turn out to provide a ground for the aforementioned constitutivist strategies

Cross-species amplification of 36 cyprinid microsatellite loci in Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) and Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To conduct phylogeographic or population genetic studies, an adequate number of DNA markers for the focal species are required. Due to severe unavailability of genotype markers of any kind for the species Eurasian minnow (<it>Phoxinus phoxinus </it>L.) and rudd (<it>Scardinius erythrophthalmus </it>L.), we set out to attempt cross-amplification of a set of microsatellite loci from related species.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We tested 36 cyprinid microsatellite loci for cross-species amplification in minnow and rudd. Fifteen species-locus combinations produced amplifications in minnow, seven being polymorphic, while 18 combinations amplified in rudd, nine of these being polymorphic.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The positive cross-species amplifications present potential contributions to the establishment of genetic marker sets for population genetics studies of the two focal species.</p

Disease mapping of early- and late-stage cancer to monitor inequalities in early detection: a study of cutaneous malignant melanoma

We consider disease mapping of early- and late-stage cancer, in order to identify and monitor inequalities in early detection. Our method is demonstrated by mapping cancer incidence at high geographical resolution using data on 10,302 cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) cases within the 3.7 million population of South-West Sweden. The cases were geocoded into small-areas, each with a population size between 600 and 2600 and accessible socio-demographic data. Using the disease mapping application Rapid Inquiry Facility (RIF) 4.0, we produced regional maps to visualise spatial variations in stage I, II and III–IV CMM incidences, complemented by local maps to explore the variations within two urban areas. Pronounced spatial disparities in stage I CMM incidence were revealed by the regional and local maps. Stage I CMM incidence was markedly higher in wealthier small-areas, in particular within each urban area. A twofold higher stage I incidence was observed, on average, in the wealthiest small-areas (upper quintile) than in the poorest small-areas (lower quintile). We identified in the regional map of stage III–IV CMM two clusters of higher or lower than expected late-stage incidences which were quite distinct from those identified for stage I. In conclusion, our analysis of CMM incidences supported the use of this method of cancer stage incidence mapping for revealing geographical and socio-demographic disparities in cancer detection

Estimating the high risk group for cardiovascular disease in the Norwegian HUNT 2 population according to the 2003 European guidelines: modelling study.

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldOBJECTIVE: To estimate the high risk group for cardiovascular disease in a well defined Norwegian population according to European guidelines and the systematic coronary risk evaluation system. DESIGN: Modelling study. SETTING: Nord-Tröndelag health study 1995-7 (HUNT 2), Norway. PARTICIPANTS: 5548 participants of the Nord-Tröndelag health study 1995-7, aged 40, 50, 55, 60, and 65. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution of risk categories for cardiovascular disease, with emphasis on the high risk group. MAIN RESULTS: At age 40, 22.5% (95% confidence interval 19.3% to 25.7%) of women and 85.9% (83.2% to 88.6%) of men were at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Corresponding numbers at age 50 were 39.5% (35.9% to 43.1%) and 88.7% (86.3% to 91.0%) and at age 65 were 84.0% (80.6% to 87.4%) and 91.6% (88.6% to 94.1%). At age 40, one out of 10 women and no men would be classified at low risk for cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: Implementation of the 2003 European guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice would classify most adult Norwegians at high risk for fatal cardiovascular disease

Capturing metal-support interactions in situ during the reduction of a Re promoted Co/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst

The diffusion of Co2+ cations into the γ-Al2O3 support is probed during the reduction of a Re/Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst by in situ by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction resulting in the expansion of its crystal lattice.</p

Modelling and simulation of a single slit micro packed bed reactor for methanol synthesis

A mathematical model for a single slit packed microstructured reactor-heat exchanger in the synthesis of methanol from syngas was developed. The model constitutes a simplified 3D-pseudo homogeneous approach for a reaction slit with integrated pillar geometry. Literature kinetic rate expressions for methanol synthesis over commercial Cu/ZnO/support type catalysts were applied at 80 bar total pressure, temperature range of 473-558 K, and syngas composition of H$_{2}$/CO/CO$_{2}$/N$_{2}$:65/25/ 5/5 mol%. The model is found capable of predicting experimental CO conversion data with acceptable accuracy. Superior thermal stability of the microchannel upon variation of different parameters such as contact time, feed gas temperature and reaction temperature were shown. The simulation results also reveal that the microchannel reactor can operate free of performance loss due to concentrations field that may arise from overlaid temperature fields. Simulations have also been used to calculate the rapid temperature transients at the inlet. The agreement between simulation results and experimental data signifies the applicability of the developed model for further design and performance optimization of microstructured reactors for methanol synthesis and other exothermic processes