Detection of the simplest sugar, glycolaldehyde, in a solar-type protostar with ALMA

Glycolaldehyde (HCOCH2OH) is the simplest sugar and an important intermediate in the path toward forming more complex biologically relevant molecules. In this paper we present the first detection of 13 transitions of glycolaldehyde around a solar-type young star, through Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the Class 0 protostellar binary IRAS 16293-2422 at 220 GHz (6 transitions) and 690 GHz (7 transitions). The glycolaldehyde lines have their origin in warm (200-300 K) gas close to the individual components of the binary. Glycolaldehyde co-exists with its isomer, methyl formate (HCOOCH3), which is a factor 10-15 more abundant toward the two sources. The data also show a tentative detection of ethylene glycol, the reduced alcohol of glycolaldehyde. In the 690 GHz data, the seven transitions predicted to have the highest optical depths based on modeling of the 220 GHz lines all show red-shifted absorption profiles toward one of the components in the binary (IRAS16293B) indicative of infall and emission at the systemic velocity offset from this by about 0.2" (25 AU). We discuss the constraints on the chemical formation of glycolaldehyde and other organic species - in particular, in the context of laboratory experiments of photochemistry of methanol-containing ices. The relative abundances appear to be consistent with UV photochemistry of a CH3OH-CO mixed ice that has undergone mild heating. The order of magnitude increase in line density in these early ALMA data illustrate its huge potential to reveal the full chemical complexity associated with the formation of solar system analogs.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

[Review of] Rebecca R. Martin. Libraries and the Changing Face of Academia: Responses to Growing Multicultural Populations

With great anticipation I sat down to read Rebecca R. Martin\u27s work about academic libraries services to multicultural populations in the United States. I had hoped to read about reasoned and responsible approaches to this current hot topic. What I found instead was an anthology of the politically correct chatter pulled from the last ten years of library literature. Martin\u27s book raises no new issues for the academic library administrator. Libraries And The Changing Face of Academia is a tame discussion of a serious issue that has kept academic librarians wringing their hands over the past decade. Rebecca Martin does do a good job of compiling this library literature into one volume. That is the problem with this work. She strings together all of the discussion and does not make any new statements

Identified particle measurements at large transverse momenta from p+p to Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Measurements of various particle species over an extended momentum range provide a sensitive experimental tool for investigating particle production mechanisms in hadronic collisions. Comparison of the spectral shapes from different collision centralities measured with the STAR detector at RHIC allows one to study the interplay of soft and hard particle production for mesons and investigate various baryon-meson effects. Systematic studies of identified particle spectra for various colliding systems and different incident energies provide additional insights toward the interplay between fragmentation and non-fragmentation contributions to the particle production. In these proceedings we present a systematic study of transverse momentum spectra for charged pions, protons and antiprotons from Au+Au and Cu+Cu data at sqrt(s_NN)=200 and 62.4 GeV as a function of collision centrality. We compare those measurements with p+p and d+Au data, investigating the system effects on energy loss.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, proceedings for the Lake Louise Winter Institute 2007, 19th-24th February 2007, Alberta, Canad

Community-Based Partnerships: Collaboration and Organizational Partnerships in Criminal Justice

This research examined a collaborative communitypractitioner partnership involving many justice and non-justice system agencies in Tarrant County, Texas. The study examined the challenges of a community-based partnership for solving jail overcrowding issues and the overincarceration of mentally ill individuals. This research involved working with the behavioral and mental health providers, substance abuse services providers, health services providers, police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, sheriff’s office, county administration, court administration, jail staff, reentry services providers and organizations, victim services organizations, and so many more. In this paper the focus is on the importance of reducing conflict between entities that see themselves as in competition (removing adversarial components where possible), increasing communication between agencies and organizations, creating accountability for action, and managing the political terrain. We find that these elements combine to produce successful outcomes for communities and families as we focus on the justice system-involved population, their families, and their communities

Thermal atmospheric models

The static thermal atmosphere is described and its predictions are compared to observations both to test the validity of the classic assumptions and to distinguish and describe those spectral features with diagnostic value

Overview of Swallow --- A Scalable 480-core System for Investigating the Performance and Energy Efficiency of Many-core Applications and Operating Systems

We present Swallow, a scalable many-core architecture, with a current configuration of 480 x 32-bit processors. Swallow is an open-source architecture, designed from the ground up to deliver scalable increases in usable computational power to allow experimentation with many-core applications and the operating systems that support them. Scalability is enabled by the creation of a tile-able system with a low-latency interconnect, featuring an attractive communication-to-computation ratio and the use of a distributed memory configuration. We analyse the energy and computational and communication performances of Swallow. The system provides 240GIPS with each core consuming 71--193mW, dependent on workload. Power consumption per instruction is lower than almost all systems of comparable scale. We also show how the use of a distributed operating system (nOS) allows the easy creation of scalable software to exploit Swallow's potential. Finally, we show two use case studies: modelling neurons and the overlay of shared memory on a distributed memory system.Comment: An open source release of the Swallow system design and code will follow and references to these will be added at a later dat

Three decades of industrialization

Economists have long searched for patterns that relate successful development to structure and policy. This article reviews the experience of growth and industrialization in the postwar period in more than 100 economies, drawing on time-series data over a three-decade period. Economies are classified according to their population size, the share of primary or manufactured goods in their exports, and the weight of exports in gross domestic product (GDP). We examine the composition of demand, trade, output, manufacturing type, and factor use overall and between sectors as they relate to income growth. Higher income growth and more marked transformation are found among the groups with large populations, a predominance of manufactures in exports, and a larger role of exports. We also find that the patterns suggested by cross-country analysis are robust when tested using the time series data now available. Although development experiences may vary over time and across countries, there is sufficient uniformity within them for the main features of structural transformation to emerge as clear and consistent patterns of modern economic growth.Industrialization; patterns of development