Where are the Women in School Administration? Issues of Access, Acculturation, Advancement, Advocacy

Despite widespread alarms about a growing shortage of school leaders, an obvious source of well-prepared talent continues to be overlooked. Women are still under-represented in school administration, particularly at the highest levels of responsibility. This paper presents findings of a study that examined issues for women in accessing administrative positions, acculturating into the organization, advancing on the hierarchical ladder, and advocating for other women who may follow. The results suggest that the administrative profession, including women themselves, would benefit from a more sophisticated understanding of the gender biases that still persist to keep women on the operational and cultural margins of school organizations

Where are the Women in School Administration? Issues of Access, Acculturation, Advancement, Advocacy

Despite widespread alarms about a growing shortage of school leaders, an obvious source of well-prepared talent continues to be overlooked. Women are still under-represented in school administration, particularly at the highest levels of responsibility. This paper presents findings of a study that examined issues for women in accessing administrative positions, acculturating into the organization, advancing on the hierarchical ladder, and advocating for other women who may follow. The results suggest that the administrative profession, including women themselves, would benefit from a more sophisticated understanding of the gender biases that still persist to keep women on the operational and cultural margins of school organizations

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Legal Issues for Maine Educators

Legal Issues for Maine Educators is a synthesis of constitutional, statutory, and case law applicable to Maine public schools. With litigation on the rise, it is important for educators to be current and well versed on legal issues as they wrestle with making decisions and providing services that fulfill state and federal requirements, while meeting the needs of students, fellow educators, parents and advocates. Expanded and updates, this second edition covers more than 90 topics, with new sections on discrimination, use of school facility, No Child Left Behind and the 2005 Reauthorization of IDEA, among others. It provides both fast answers and in-depth analysis of current legal issues; each section begins with a Quick Reference section, which succinctly lists the most pertinent application of law. This is followed by What the Law Says, a more detailed explanation of the issues. And finally, each section ends with Authority, listing citations for the applicable statutes and cases. Complete and cross-referenced, Legal Issues for Maine Educators is designed to support busy practitioners. The cases in this book, which are included to illustrate legal issues, may not all be binding legal authority in Maine. They were chosen, however, to represent national trends on various issues. Readers should keep in mind that this text does not provide legal advice, nor is it a substitute for legal counsel when faced with potential litigation. Rather, it is designed to help educators recognize the legal implications imbedded within the issues they face every day, and to assist them in making legally defensible decisions that avoid the potential for litigation.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/fac_monographs/1103/thumbnail.jp

Legal Issues for Maine Educators: Omni Guide

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/fac_monographs/1244/thumbnail.jp

Dare educational leaders build a new social order?

This symposium offers four papers from a special issue of JEA which examined The Role of Social Justice in Educational Administration Programs. The first paper provides a context for the practicing social justice. The second reports on a study of three cohorts involved in a program with a social justice emphasis. The third offers a framework for preparing leaders to practice social justice. The fourth reports on resistance incurred in integrating a social justice perspective into a leadership preparation program

Dare educational leaders build a new social order?

This symposium offers four papers from a special issue of JEA which examined The Role of Social Justice in Educational Administration Programs. The first paper provides a context for the practicing social justice. The second reports on a study of three cohorts involved in a program with a social justice emphasis. The third offers a framework for preparing leaders to practice social justice. The fourth reports on resistance incurred in integrating a social justice perspective into a leadership preparation program