9 research outputs found

    Caracterizaci贸n funcional de la v铆a del microRNA390/TAS3 en el desarrollo de 贸rganos laterales en las ra铆ces de la leguminosa Medicago truncatula

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    Las plantas adaptan su arquitectura de ra铆z como parte de la respuesta a los cambios en las condiciones ambientales, tales como disponibilidad de agua, nutrientes y estreses de tipo bi贸tico y abi贸tico. En particular, las plantas leguminosas desarrollan dos tipos de 贸rganos laterales post-embrionarios en sus ra铆ces, las ra铆ces laterales (RLs) y los n贸dulos fijadores de nitr贸geno. Las RLs participan en el anclaje de la planta al suelo y en la incorporaci贸n de agua y nutrientes. Los n贸dulos, los cuales se desarrollan a partir de la interacci贸n simbi贸tica entre las leguminosas y las bacterias del suelo conocidas como rizobios, proveen compuestos nitrogenados asimilables a la planta. Ambos 贸rganos poseen un fuerte impacto en el crecimiento de la planta, por lo tanto la comprensi贸n de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en el desarrollo de las RLs y los n贸dulos contribuir铆a a mejorar y aumentar el rendimiento de cultivos de importancia agron贸mica, as铆 como tambi茅n a recuperar tierras pobres en nitr贸geno y reducir el impacto negativo de los fertilizantes qu铆micos sobre la biodiversidad. Los microRNAs (miRNAs) son peque帽os RNAs de 21-22 nucle贸tidos que act煤an como reguladores post-transcripcionales de la expresi贸n g茅nica en organismos eucariotas durante el desarrollo de nuevos 贸rganos o en respuesta a est铆mulos ambientales. En los 煤ltimos a帽os, se han descripto miRNAs cuyos niveles se acumulan diferencialmente en diferentes etapas del desarrollo de las RLs o n贸dulos, sin embargo s贸lo un n煤mero reducido de ellos han sido caracterizados en detalle y asociados con una funci贸n en la infecci贸n rizobiana y/o la organog茅nesis y desarrollo del n贸dulo. En el presente trabajo de tesis doctoral se propuso como objetivo general caracterizar la v铆a de miR390/TAS3 durante el desarrollo de los 贸rganos laterales en las ra铆ces de la leguminosa modelo M. truncatula. El miR390 se asocia a la prote铆na ARGONAUTA7 y posee como target al transcripto no codificante TAS3, a partir del cual se generan los trans-acting interference small RNA (tasiRNAs). Estos tasiRNAs regulan mediante un mecanismo de clivaje los niveles de los transcriptos que codifican los Factores de Transcripci贸n Regulados por Auxinas (ARF)2, ARF3 y ARF4, por lo que han sido denominados tasiARFs. Estudios previos en nuestro laboratorio, sugirieron que la v铆a miR390/TAS3 estar铆a involucrada en la infecci贸n rizobiana y/o en la organog茅nesis del n贸dulo. Con el fin de evaluar la acumulaci贸n y la expresi贸n espacio-temporal de los transcriptos y los peque帽os RNAs que componen esta v铆a en diferentes estadios de desarrollo de los 贸rganos laterales de la ra铆z, se llevaron a cabo reacciones de RT-qPCR y fusiones transcripcionales de los promotores a los genes reporteros gfp y uidA (tambi茅n conocido como gen gus dado que codifica la prote铆na 尾-glucuronidasa (GUS)). Estos resultados mostraron que la v铆a miR390/TAS3 se reprime en etapas tempranas de la interacci贸n entre M. truncatula y S. meliloti, liberando la represi贸n post-transcripcional de ARF2, ARF3 y ARF4. A su vez, hemos identificado y validado una nueva variante del transcripto TAS3 que probablemente act煤a como un target mimicry end贸geno de miR390 y contribuir铆a a disminuir los niveles de miR390 en esta etapa. En estadios m谩s avanzados de la interacci贸n, la v铆a es re-activada quedando restringida a la zona apical del n贸dulo. Para indagar sobre la funci贸n de la v铆a se generaron ra铆ces transg茅nicas que sobreexpresaban el precursor de miR390b (OX390) o un target mimicry de miR390 (MIM390) capaz de secuestrar al miR390 y bloquear su acci贸n. Adem谩s de la estrategia de expresi贸n target mimicry, se utilizaron l铆neas mutantes en el gen AGO7, en las cuales la v铆a miR390/TAS3 se encuentra inactiva. La evaluaci贸n del fenotipo asociado a la arquitectura de ra铆z y a la nodulaci贸n en las plantas OX390, MIM390 y ago7 revel贸 que la v铆a miR390/TAS3 act煤a como un regulador positivo sobre la elongaci贸n de las RLs, posiblemente como consecuencia del incremento de la se帽alizaci贸n y/o respuesta a auxinas, y como un m贸dulo represor de la infecci贸n rizobiana y el desarrollo de n贸dulos. A su vez, la inactivaci贸n de la v铆a miR390/TAS3, ya sea en las ra铆ces MIM390 o ago7, result贸 en el desarrollo de n贸dulos que presentan una distribuci贸n espacial y morfolog铆a alterada. El an谩lisis de la acumulaci贸n de transcriptos, previamente descriptos como marcadores de la nodulaci贸n, en las ra铆ces OX390, MIM390 y ago7 permiti贸 establecer una correlaci贸n entre los niveles de ARF2, ARF3 y ARF4 y dos factores de transcripci贸n de la familia GRAS designados NSP (Nodulation Signaling Pathway)1 y NSP2, sugiriendo que ambos factores de transcripci贸n ser铆an los candidatos por medio de los cuales la v铆a de miR390/TAS3 y la v铆a de se帽alizaci贸n de la nodulaci贸n se intersectan. Con el objetivo de identificar genes cuyos niveles de acumulaci贸n se encuentran afectados directa o indirectamente por la sobreexpresi贸n de miR390, se caracteriz贸 el transcriptoma de las ra铆ces OX390 en presencia y ausencia del rizobio mediante RNA-seq. El an谩lisis in silico de los datos generados permiti贸 identificar genes con expresi贸n diferencial regulados negativamente o positivamente en respuesta a la sobreexpresi贸n de miR390. Entre estos, se destacan genes marcadores de nodulaci贸n, factores de transcripci贸n miembros de la familia LOB, genes involucrados en la respuesta y se帽alizaci贸n de hormonas y genes relacionados con la traducci贸n. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo de tesis doctoral han permitido avanzar en el conocimiento sobre la regulaci贸n post-transcripcional de genes durante dos procesos de desarrollo con relevancia ecol贸gica y agron贸mica. Este conocimiento podr铆a ser aplicado en etapas futuras a la optimizaci贸n de incorporaci贸n de nutrientes y nitr贸geno en las plantas, contribuyendo a mejorar y aumentar el rendimiento de los cultivos de leguminosas.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    The MicroRNA390/TAS3 Pathway Mediates Symbiotic Nodulation and Lateral Root Growth

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    Legume roots form two types of postembryonic organs, lateral roots and symbiotic nodules. Nodule formation is the result of the interaction of legumes with rhizobia and requires the mitotic activation and differentiation of root cells as well as an independent, but coordinated, program that allows infection by rhizobia. MicroRNA390 (miR390) is an evolutionarily conserved microRNA that targets the Trans-Acting Short Interference RNA3 (TAS3) transcript. Cleavage of TAS3 by ARGONAUTE7 results in the production of trans-acting small interference RNAs, which target mRNAs encoding AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 (ARF2), ARF3, and ARF4. Here, we show that activation of the miR390/TAS3 regulatory module by overexpression of miR390 in Medicago truncatula promotes lateral root growth but prevents nodule organogenesis, rhizobial infection, and the induction of two key nodulation genes, Nodulation Signaling Pathway1 (NSP1) and NSP2. Accordingly, inactivation of the miR390/TAS3 module, either by expression of a miR390 target mimicry construct or mutations in ARGONAUTE7, enhances nodulation and rhizobial infection, alters the spatial distribution of the nodules, and increases the percentage of nodules with multiple meristems. Our results revealed a key role of the miR390/TAS3 pathway in legumes as a modulator of lateral root organs, playing opposite roles in lateral root and nodule development.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    Reprogramming of root cells during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis involves dynamic polysome association of coding and noncoding RNAs

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    Translational control is a widespread mechanism that allows the cell to rapidly modulate gene expression in order to provide flexibility and adaptability to eukaryotic organisms. We applied translating ribosome affinity purification combined with RNA sequencing to characterize translational regulation of mRNAs at early stages of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis established between Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Our analysis revealed a poor correlation between transcriptional and translational changes and identified hundreds of regulated protein-coding and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), some of which are regulated in specific cell types. We demonstrated that a short variant of the lncRNA Trans-acting small interference RNA3 (TAS3) increased its association to the translational machinery in response to rhizobia. Functional analysis revealed that this short variant of TAS3 might act as a target mimic that captures microRNA390, contributing to reduce trans acting small interference Auxin Response Factor production and modulating nodule formation and rhizobial infection. The analysis of alternative transcript variants identified a translationally upregulated mRNA encoding subunit 3 of the SUPERKILLER complex (SKI3), which participates in mRNA decay. Knockdown of SKI3 decreased nodule initiation and development, as well as the survival of bacteria within nodules. Our results highlight the importance of translational control and mRNA decay pathways for the successful establishment of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.Fil: Traubenik, Laura Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Reynoso, Mauricio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Hobecker, Karen Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lancia, Marcos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Hummel, Maureen. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Rosen, Benjamin. J. Craig Venter Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Town, Christopher. J. Craig Venter Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Bailey Serres, Julia. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Blanco, Flavio Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Zanetti, Mar铆a Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; Argentin

    The MicroRNA390/TAS3 Pathway Mediates Symbiotic Nodulation and Lateral Root Growth

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    Legume roots form two types of postembryonic organs, lateral roots and symbiotic nodules. Nodule formation is the result of the interaction of legumes with rhizobia and requires the mitotic activation and differentiation of root cells as well as an independent, but coordinated, program that allows infection by rhizobia. MicroRNA390 (miR390) is an evolutionarily conserved microRNA that targets the Trans-Acting Short Interference RNA3 (TAS3) transcript. Cleavage of TAS3 by ARGONAUTE7 results in the production of trans-acting small interference RNAs, which target mRNAs encoding AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 (ARF2), ARF3, and ARF4. Here, we show that activation of the miR390/TAS3 regulatory module by overexpression of miR390 in Medicago truncatula promotes lateral root growth but prevents nodule organogenesis, rhizobial infection, and the induction of two key nodulation genes, Nodulation Signaling Pathway1 (NSP1) and NSP2. Accordingly, inactivation of the miR390/TAS3 module, either by expression of a miR390 target mimicry construct or mutations in ARGONAUTE7, enhances nodulation and rhizobial infection, alters the spatial distribution of the nodules, and increases the percentage of nodules with multiple meristems. Our results revealed a key role of the miR390/TAS3 pathway in legumes as a modulator of lateral root organs, playing opposite roles in lateral root and nodule development.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    Post-transcriptional reprogramming during root nodule symbiosis

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    Plant cells adjust their genetic programs integrating developmentaland environmental cues, leading to a constantreprogramming in gene expression that contributes to thephysiological and ecological adaptation of the whole plant.Legume plants establish a nitrogen fixing symbiosis with soilbacteria known as rhizobia, providing an exquisite biologicalmodel to study reprogramming of gene expression in a pluricellulareukaryotic organism interacting with its prokaryoticmicrosymbiont in a changing environmental context, whichalso impacts on the output of the symbiotic association. Manystudies in this field have focused on the modification of theplant transcriptome during the onset of the interaction, takingadvantage of the DNA microarray and direct RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) technologies. As a consequence, most of theinformation available describes changes in the steady-statelevels of poly A+ RNAs at different stages of the interaction (ElYahyaoui et al. 2004; Lohar et al. 2006; Benedito et al. 2008;Breakspear et al. 2014; Roux et al. 2014), underestimating thepost-transcriptional mechanisms that add new layers of regulationto the reprogramming of gene expression. In the last years,a number of studies have contributed to a more comprehensiveunderstanding of these changes, highlighting the importance ofthe stability and translatability of poly A+ RNAs, as well as therole of endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs), mainly microRNAs(miRNAs) and phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs),as key regulators of gene expression. In this chapter, we willsummarize the contribution of translational regulation to thegenetic responses of the plant during root nodule symbiosisand the crucial roles played by sRNAs in this ecologically andagronomically important interaction.Fil: Reynoso, Mauricio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Traubenik, Laura Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Hobecker, Karen Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Flavio Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Zanetti, Mar铆a Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Centro Cient铆fico Tecnol贸gico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnolog铆a y Biolog铆a Molecular; Argentin

    Auxin Response Factor 2 (ARF2), ARF3, and ARF4 Mediate Both Lateral Root and Nitrogen Fixing Nodule Development in <i>Medicago truncatula</i>

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    Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) constitute a large family of transcription factors that mediate auxin-regulated developmental programs in plants. ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 are post-transcriptionally regulated by the microRNA390 (miR390)/trans-acting small interference RNA 3 (TAS3) module through the action of TAS3-derived trans - acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNA). We have previously reported that constitutive activation of the miR390/TAS3 pathway promotes elongation of lateral roots but impairs nodule organogenesis and infection by rhizobia during the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis established between Medicago truncatula and its partner Sinorhizobium meliloti. However, the involvement of the targets of the miR390/TAS3 pathway, i.e., MtARF2, MtARF3, MtARF4a, and MtARF4b, in root development and establishment of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis remained unexplored. Here, promoter:reporter fusions showed that expression of both MtARF3 and MtARF4a was associated with lateral root development; however, only the MtARF4a promoter was active in developing nodules. In addition, up-regulation of MtARF2, MtARF3, and MtARF4a/b in response to rhizobia depends on Nod Factor perception. We provide evidence that simultaneous knockdown of MtARF2, MtARF3, MtARF4a, and MtARF4b or mutation in MtARF4a impaired nodule formation, and reduced initiation and progression of infection events. Silencing of MtARF2, MtARF3, MtARF4a, and MtARF4b altered mRNA levels of the early nodulation gene nodulation signaling pathway 2 (MtNSP2). In addition, roots with reduced levels of MtARF2, MtARF3, MtARF4a, and MtARF4b, as well as arf4a mutant plants exhibited altered root architecture, causing a reduction in primary and lateral root length, but increasing lateral root density. Taken together, our results suggest that these ARF members are common key players of the morphogenetic programs that control root development and the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasInstituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula

    The microRNA390/TAS3 pathway mediates symbiotic nodulation and lateral root growth

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    International audienceLegume roots form two types of postembryonic organs, lateral roots and symbiotic nodules. Nodule formation is the result of the interaction of legumes with rhizobia and requires the mitotic activation and differentiation of root cells as well as an independent, but coordinated, program that allows infection by rhizobia. MicroRNA390 (miR390) is an evolutionarily conserved microRNA that targets the Trans-Acting Short Interference RNA3 (TAS3) transcript. Cleavage of TAS3 by ARGONAUTE7 results in the production of trans-acting small interference RNAs, which target mRNAs encoding AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 (ARF2), ARF3, and ARF4. Here, we show that activation of the miR390/TAS3 regulatory module by overexpression of miR390 in Medicago truncatula promotes lateral root growth but prevents nodule organogenesis, rhizobial infection, and the induction of two key nodulation genes, Nodulation Signaling Pathway1 (NSP1) and NSP2. Accordingly, inactivation of the miR390/TAS3 module, either by expression of a miR390 target mimicry construct or mutations in ARGONAUTE7, enhances nodulation and rhizobial infection, alters the spatial distribution of the nodules, and increases the percentage of nodules with multiple meristems. Our results revealed a key role of the miR390/TAS3 pathway in legumes as a modulator of lateral root organs, playing opposite roles in lateral root and nodule development

    Reprogramming of Root Cells during Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis Involves Dynamic Polysome Association of Coding and Noncoding RNAs

    No full text
    Translational control is a widespread mechanism that allows the cell to rapidly modulate gene expression in order to provide flexibility and adaptability to eukaryotic organisms. We applied translating ribosome affinity purification combined with RNA sequencing to characterize translational regulation of mRNAs at early stages of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis established between Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Our analysis revealed a poor correlation between transcriptional and translational changes and identified hundreds of regulated protein-coding and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), some of which are regulated in specific cell types. We demonstrated that a short variant of the lncRNA Trans-acting small interference RNA3 (TAS3) increased its association to the translational machinery in response to rhizobia. Functional analysis revealed that this short variant of TAS3 might act as a target mimic that captures microRNA390, contributing to reduce trans acting small interference Auxin Response Factor production and modulating nodule formation and rhizobial infection. The analysis of alternative transcript variants identified a translationally upregulated mRNA encoding subunit 3 of the SUPERKILLER complex (SKI3), which participates in mRNA decay. Knockdown of SKI3 decreased nodule initiation and development, as well as the survival of bacteria within nodules. Our results highlight the importance of translational control and mRNA decay pathways for the successful establishment of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasInstituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula
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