Salmonella Contamination of Rivers and Sewages in Fukuyama City

地方都市におけるサルモネラによる環境汚染の実態を知る目的で，昭和41・42年に広島県東部地区福山市における河水，下水などを対象としてサルモネラの検索を行なった.その結果，以下のような成績が得られた. 1. サルモネラ陽性率は河水が23.6% (13/55)，下水が22.2% (8/36)，と場汚水が36.8% (7/19)の成績であった. 2. これらの陽性率は，東京，大阪など大都市における河川および下水のサルモネラ陽性率に比べると，まだ低い状況にある. 3. 28例の陽性検体から分離された33株の血清型は，S. derby，S. typhimurium，S. montevideo，S. thompson，S. mikawashima，S. narashino，S. enteritidis，S. meleagridis，S. give，S. senftenberg，S. westerstedeの11種類に分類された. 4. S. westerstedなど，広島県で今までにみられたことが無い新しい菌型が多数検出されたことから，当地方におけるサルモネラによる環境汚染の進みつつあることが推定できる. 5. このようなサルモネラによる環境汚染の実態から，今後の食品衛生上に及ぼす影響などについて指摘した.One hundred and ten water samples collected from the rivers, sewages and slaughterhouse in Fukuyama city in the eastern district of Hiroshima prefecture were examined for Salmonella organisms，from October 1967 to December 1968. It was found that 23.6% (13/55) of the rivers, 22.2% (8/36) of the sewages, and 36.8% (7/19) of the sewages of the slaughterhouse were contaminated by this organism. These results show that the percentage of contamination is smaller in Fukuyama city than that in a large cities，such as Tokyo or Osaka. Thirty three strains of Salmonella isolated from water samples were divided into the following 11 serotypes: S. derby，S. typhimurium，S. montevideo，S. thompson，S. mikawashima，S. narashino，S. enteritidis，S. meleagridis，S. give，S. senftenberg and S. westerstede. It might be presumed that the environmental contamination of the area by the organisms is increasing gradually，since new types of Salmonella，e.g. S. westerstede etc. never found in Hiroshima prefecture before，were isolated in the area

Cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride obtained from Pseudoalteromonas denitrificans is a potent antimalarial agent

Kim H.S., Hayashi M., Shibata Y., et al. Cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride obtained from Pseudoalteromonas denitrificans is a potent antimalarial agent. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 22, 532 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.22.532.Cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride (cPrG·HCl) is a stable fluorescent red pigment obtained from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas denitrificans. It was found that the compound was incorporated into Plasmodium falciparum cells upon incubation and exhibited a potent antimalarial activity with the concentration required for 50% of the activity being 11 nM, which is stronger than that of chloroquine, a well-known antimalarial agent. The compound did not affect growth rate of mammalian cells. Antimalarial activity of cPrG·HCl was also observed in vivo. These results indicate that cPrG·HCl is a potent antimalarial drug

Factors in glucocorticoid regimens associated with treatment response and relapses of IgG4-related disease: a multicentre study

Glucocorticoids (GC) are effective for treating IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD); however, relapse is often observed. We conducted a retrospective multicentre study to investigate risk factors in GC regimens associated with relapses of IgG4-RD. Data on 166 patients with definitive IgG4-RD diagnosis were collected from 12 institutions. Comprehensive surveillance of clinical backgrounds and GC regimens as well as multivariate analysis of factors associated with treatment responses and relapses was performed. To determine the initial maximal GC dose, the patients were stratified into three groups depending on the initial prednisolone (PSL) dosage: 0.7 mg/kg/day. The multivariate analysis extracted the disease duration and reduction speed of initial GC dose. Patients treated with initial GC 0.7 mg/kg/day of PSL showed higher relapse rates than those treated with 0.4–0.69 mg/kg/day. The relapse rates were significantly higher in patients with fast reduction of the initial dose (>0.4 mg/day) than in patients with slow reduction (<0.4 mg/day). To avoid relapse, 0.4–0.69 mg/kg/day of initial PSL with slow reduction speed (<0.4 mg/day) is needed in the early treatment of IgG4-RD

Changes in expression levels of ERCC1, DPYD, and VEGFA mRNA after first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a multicenter study

Our previous study showed that administering oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy increased ERCC1 and DPD levels in liver colorectal cancers (CRCs) metastases. Second, whether the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab alters tumoral VEGFA levels is unknown. We conducted this multicenter observational study to validate our previous findings on ERCC1 and DPD, and clarify the response of VEGFA expression to bavacizumab administration. 346 CRC patients with liver metastases were enrolled at 22 Japanese institutes. Resected liver metastases were available for 175 patients previously treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (chemotherapy group) and 171 receiving no previous chemotherapy (non-chemotherapy group). ERCC1, DPYD, and VEGFA mRNA levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR. ERCC1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the chemotherapy group than in the non-chemotherapy group (P = 0.033), and were significantly correlated (Spearman\u27s correlation coefficient = 0.42; P < 0.0001). VEGFA expression level was higher in patients receiving bevacizumab (n = 51) than in those who did not (n = 251) (P = 0.007). This study confirmed that first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy increases ERCC1 and DPYD expression levels, potentially enhancing chemosensitivity to subsequent therapy. We also found that bevacizumab induces VEGFA expression in tumor cells, suggesting a biologic rationale for extending bevacizumab treatment beyond first progression