La Dramatización como Recurso Didáctico en Educación Infantil

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017This Final Degree Project is based on the importance of drama as a teaching resource, to favor the development of oral language in a satisfactory manner within childhood education stage. Through a bibliographic review, is explained an introduction to this concept, its purpose in this educational stage, and are identified some of the definitions of dramatization by various authors. Their resources are also mentioned and explained, and the great importance of dramatization in children is highlighted, because it contributes to the development of experiential learning, creativity and social skills. In addition, different types of games used in the classroom are described. There is also talk of other teaching resources that offers, like Storytelling, dramatization of poems, songs and dances. And finally, the role that the teacher must perform is described, and a review of everything mentioned in the work by way of conclusion is given, to clarify this teaching resource, as is the dramatization.Este Trabajo de Final de Grado se basa en la importancia que tienen las dramatizaciones como recurso didáctico para favorecer el desarrollo de la lengua oral de manera satisfactoria dentro de la Etapa de Educación Infantil. Gracias a una revisión bibliográfica se explica una introducción a este concepto, su fin en esta etapa educativa, y se señalan algunas de las definiciones de dramatización por diversos autores. Así como también se mencionan y se explican sus recursos, y se destaca la gran importancia que tiene la dramatización en los niños y en las niñas, ya que por medio de ella, se contribuye al desarrollo del aprendizaje vivencial, de la creatividad y de las habilidades sociales. Además, se describen los diferentes tipos de juegos que se emplean en el aula. Se habla también de otros recursos didácticos que ofrece, como representación de cuentos, dramatización de poemas, canciones y bailes. Y finalmente, se esclarece el papel que debe desempeñar el/la maestro/a y se da un repaso a todo lo mencionado en el trabajo a modo de conclusión para aclarar dicho recurso didáctico, como es la dramatización

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Clinical Recommendations to Manage Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are indicated in type 2 diabetes and obesity for their high efficacy in controlling glycaemia and inducing body weight loss, respectively. Patients may develop gastrointestinal adverse events (GI AEs), namely nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and/or constipation. To minimize their severity and duration, healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients must be aware of appropriate measures to follow while undergoing treatment. An expert panel comprising endocrinologists, nephrologists, primary care physicians, cardiologists, internists and diabetes nurse educators convened across virtual meetings to reach a consensus regarding these compelling recommendations. Firstly, specific guidelines are provided about how to reach the maintenance dose and how to proceed if GI AEs develop during dose-escalation. Secondly, specific directions are set about how to avoid/minimize nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation symptoms. Clinical scenarios representing common situations in daily practice, and infographics useful to guide both HCPs and patients, are included. These recommendations may prevent people with T2D and/or obesity from withdrawing from GLP-1 RAs treatment, thus benefitting from their superior effect on glycaemic control and weight loss