Servicios Amigables para Adolescentes: evaluación de la calidad con usuarios simulados

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de los servicios de salud amigables para adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Evaluación cualitativa utilizando la técnica de usuario simulado en clínicas de primer nivel de los Servicios de Salud de Morelos, México durante 2018. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 10 de 17 establecimientos con servicios amigables no exclusivos para adolescentes. Se incluyó adicionalmente un centro con servicios amigables exclusivo para adolescentes como submuestra de tipo intensivo. Cuatro adolescentes fungieron como usuarios simulados interpretando diferentes casos de consulta en las clínicas. Se realizaron 43 entrevistas semiestructuradas de salida y se hicieron dos grupos nominales para evaluar la calidad percibida a partir de la percepción de amigabilidad y la experiencia de los adolescentes. Se realizó análisis temático de los datos obtenidos. RESULTADOS: La actitud del personal destacó como un elemento clave para la experiencia de los adolescentes. Se encontraron fallas como la existencia de barreras burocráticas para el acceso, falta de señalamientos en las clínicas, falta de privacidad y confidencialidad, fallas en la exploración física durante la consulta y falta de seguimiento de los motivos de consulta. La clínica exclusiva para adolescentes ofreció servicios amigables más adecuados en comparación con las clínicas no exclusivas. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque en la mayoría de los establecimientos visitados el servicio es accesible, aun distan de cumplir con las características de amigabilidad de acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales. La clínica exclusiva para adolescentes destacó al contar con mecanismos mejor estructurados que pueden ser implementados en clínicas no exclusivas para mejorar el proceso de atención.OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of adolescent friendly health services. METHODS: Qualitative assessment using the simulated user technique in first level clinics of Health Services of Morelos, Mexico, during 2018. Ten out of 17 facilities with non-exclusive adolescent friendly services were randomly selected. An additional facility with exclusive adolescent friendly services was included as an intensive subsample. Four adolescents served as simulated users interpreting different cases in the clinics. The total of 43 semi-structured exit interviews were conducted, and two nominal groups were made to assess the perceived quality from the adolescents’ perception of friendliness and experience. Thematic analysis of the data obtained was performed. RESULTS: Staff attitude was highlighted as a key element in the adolescents’ experience. Failures were found, such as the existence of bureaucratic barriers to access, lack of signage in clinics, lack of privacy and confidentiality, failure of physical examination during the appointment and lack of monitoring of the reasons for appointment. The exclusive clinic for adolescents offered more appropriate friendly services compared with nonexclusive clinics. CONCLUSION: Although the service is accessible in most of the clinics visited, it is still far from being friendly according to international recommendations. The exclusive clinic for adolescents stood out for having better structured mechanisms that can be implemented in nonexclusive clinics to improve the care process

COVID-19 en México. Reflexiones desde la escuela de la regulación

El enfoque de la regulación francesa analiza la reproducción social, integrando el régimen socioeconómico y las variedades del capitalismo. Este enfoque es utili­zado para reflexionar los efectos de la propagación del COVID-19 en México, e identificar si las acciones del Gobierno y empresarios durante la coyuntura, per­filan una trayectoria alternativa al neoliberalismo. Las acciones desplegadas en el nivel macroeconómico y mesoeconómico por parte de esos actores bloquean el cambio institucional, al tiempo que exhiben el desplazamiento de la soberanía popular por la judicialización, que se posiciona como fuente significativa de la construcción del espacio económico

Government Expenditure on Maternal Health and Family Planning Services for Adolescents in Mexico, 2003–2015

The purpose of this study was to assess whether government policies to expand the coverage of maternal health and family planning (MHFP) services were benefiting the adolescents in need. To this end, we estimated government MHFP expenditure for 10- to 19-year-old adolescents without social security (SS) coverage between 2003 and 2015. We evaluated its evolution and distribution nationally and sub-nationally by level of marginalization, as well as its relationship with demand indicators. Using Jointpoint regressions, we estimated the average annual percent change (AAPC) nationally and among states. Expenditure for adolescents without SS coverage registered 15% for AAPC for the period 2003–2011 and was stable for the remaining years, with 88% of spending allocated to maternal health. Growth in MHFP expenditure reduced the ratio of spending by 13% among groups of states with greater/lesser marginalization; nonetheless, the poorest states continued to show the lowest levels of expenditure. Although adolescents without SS coverage benefited from greater MHFP expenditure as a consequence of health policies directed at achieving universal health coverage, gaps persisted in its distribution among states, since those with similar demand indicators exhibited different levels of expenditure. Further actions are required to improve resource allocation to disadvantaged states and to reinforce the use of FP services by adolescents

Teen pregnancy and educational gaps: Analysis of a national survey in Mexico

Objective. To characterize female adolescents who have been pregnant, and to analyze the association between adolescent pregnancy and educational gaps. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data come from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut 2012), a Mexican representative survey. The set of data used is related to sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics from 1 790 women from 12 to 19 years who had begun their sexual life and had a pregnancy record. Three statistical models were adjusted to observe the association between variables. The dependent variable of the first model was the condition of previous pregnancy, the second to be pregnant at the time of data collection, and the third, educational gap. Results. A 74.9% of the adolescents with history of pregnancy has educational gap. To have the condition of previous pregnancy is associated with living with sexual partner (OR=8.4), educational gap (OR=2.4), low socioeconomical level (OR=2.0) and school assistance (OR=0.5). To be pregnant at the time of data collection has related only to living with sexual partner (OR=9.4). The educational gap shows an association with having more than one pregnancy (OR=2.4), live with sexual partner (OR=1.6), low socioeconomical level (OR=1.8), and school assistance as protective factor (OR=0.3). Conclusion. It is necessary to implement effective and efficient educational public politics in order to decrease educational gap. At the same time, to guarantee and improve sexual education in the school system to prevent adolescent pregnancy

Sistemas de información en salud en la región mesoamericana Health information systems in the Mesoamerican region

OBJETIVO: Evaluar y analizar los sistemas de información en salud (sis) en la región mesoamericana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó el marco conceptual y las herramientas de la Red de la Métrica en Salud (RMS) que evalúa seis componentes de los SIS: recursos, indicadores, fuentes de datos, administración de la información, productos y uso. RESULTADOS: La percepción sobre el desarrollo de los sis de la región mesoamericana se considera presente pero no adecuada (57%), con la mejor percepción para México (75%) y la menor para El Salvador (41%). El componente del SIS menos desarrollado, es decir, el no adecuado, fue el de administración de la información (37%). Por el contrario, el componente con mejor calificación fue el de indicadores (poco más de 69%, adecuado). En ninguno de los casos los componentes lograron ser muy adecuados. CONCLUSIÓN: El nivel de desarrollo de los sis es heterogéneo entre los países. Es necesario generar mecanismos de cooperación para el intercambio de experiencias exitosas que fomenten una colaboración horizontal y permitan mejorar los sis actuales para dar sustento a la toma de decisiones y a la evaluación de intervenciones en salud, como los de la iniciativa mesoamericana de la salud.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and analyze health information systems (his) in the Mesoamerican Region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The conceptual framework and tools of the Health Metrics Network (nhm) was used. It measures six components of the his assessment: resources, indicators, data sources, information management, products and use. RESULTS: In this study we found that the average score of the HIS in the Mesoamerican region was 57%, being the maximum value for Mexico (75%) and the minimum for El Salvador (41%). The item that had lowest scores was that referring to the Management and Administration, where the average assessment was 37%, placing it as present but not adequate. The component with the highest score was Information Products with more than 69%, adequate. In any case, no items were very adequate. CONCLUSION: The performance of his is heterogeneous between countries. It is necessary to strengthen and standardize the criteria of the his in the region, so that these are integrated and used in the decision making process based on real information

Bases metodológicas y resultados de la implementación de la Encuesta Nacional de Niños, Niñas y Mujeres en México 2015

Objetivo. Describir la metodología y los resultados del levantamiento de la Encuesta Nacional de Niños, Niñas y Mujeres en México (ENIM 2015). Material y métodos. La ENIM 2015 es una encuesta probabilística con muestreo polietápico, estratificado y por conglomerados, con representatividad regional, por estratos rural y urbano, y para la población indígena. Se aplicaron cuestionarios para obtener información sobre el hogar, mujeres de 15 a 49 años, niños y niñas menores de cinco años y niños y niñas y adolescentes de 5 a 17 años. Resultados. La tasa de respuesta en hogares y en mujeres fue de 94%; se obtuvo información de 10 760 hogares y 12 110 mujeres; para los niños y niñas y adolescentes y niños y niñas menores de cinco años, estos valores fueron de 98%, 11 607 y 8 066, respectivamente. Conclusión. El diseño probabilístico de la ENIM 2015 permite generar indicadores que se pueden desagregar en cinco regiones, para los estratos rural y urbano y para la población indígena, así como una línea base para 15 indicadores de los ODS

Sexual and reproductive health outcomes are positively associated with comprehensive sexual education exposure in Mexican high-school students

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>To describe the comprehensive sex education (CSE) coverage and to evaluate a set of indicators related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the seven components of the CSE framework among Mexican high-school students.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of students in public and private high schools in Mexico. Questions about CSE coverage and about knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexual health were included. We present descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics, exposure to CSE, and sexual health outcomes. We fitted a series of multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between each CSE component exposure and sexual health outcomes, adjusting for age and sex.</p><p>Results</p><p>There were significant associations between being exposed to each CSE components and the related sexual health outcomes. The strongest one was for identifying effective contraceptives among those exposed to the Sexual and Reproductive Health component (SRH) (OR 4.10; 95%CI[2.93,5.75]). Also, students exposed to the relationships component had 20% higher odds of affirming they could convince their partner to use condoms (OR 1.20; 95%CI[1.05,1.36]).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This paper provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of CSE on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. In addition, it identifies areas that should be strengthened to increase the positive impact of CSE.</p></div

Do file and Dataframe for SRHAAV

These files contains the dataframe and the do file for the article "Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Adolescents in Vulnerable Contexts in Mexico: Needs, Knowledge, and Rights".</p

Distribution of Comprehensive Sexual Education coverage by gender, Mexico 2014.

<p>Distribution of Comprehensive Sexual Education coverage by gender, Mexico 2014.</p

Subtopics students were asked about to measure exposure to comprehensive sex education (CSE) topics in high-school students at any time during schooling, Mexico, 2014.

<p>Subtopics students were asked about to measure exposure to comprehensive sex education (CSE) topics in high-school students at any time during schooling, Mexico, 2014.</p