Apoptosis-Inducing Factor, Protein Expression, and Apoptosis Changes with Glutamine in Podocytes Cells Exposed with Cisplatin

Abstract Cisplatin is a well-known chemotherapeutic drug. It is one of the most effective anticancer agents and is widely used for the treatment of several types of tumors. However, side effects in normal tissues and organs, such as nephrotoxicity that induces apoptosis in epithelial cells in the kidney, limit the use of cisplatin. Glutamine is a substrate for the synthesis of glutathione as an antioxidant and promotes HSP70 release, protecting cells from apoptosis induced by different stimuli. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of glutamine on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in the kidney. Mice were divided into three groups such as a group of control (P0), a group of intraperitoneal injection of a single dose cisplatin 20 mg/kg BW at 7th day (P1), and a group of intravenous glutamine injection 100 mg/kg BW at days 1-7 and given an intraperitoneal injection of single dose cisplatin 20 mg/kg BW at 7th day (P2). Measurement of AIF expression and apoptotic cells was carried out by immunohistochemical methods. The number of AIF expressions and apoptotic cells is expressed in the Allred score. AIF expression result is as follows: P0: 3.29 ± 0.79, P1: 5.32 ± 0.68, and P2: 4.49 ± 0.47. Apoptosis result is as follows: P0: 3.04 ± 0.70, P1: 5.26 ± 0.53, and P2: 4.44 ± 0.41. There is a decreased expression of AIF on intravenous glutamine administration, followed by a decrease in apoptosis in the podocyte. In conclusion, glutamine administration might represent the treatment of nephrotoxic-induced cisplatin

Identification of Legionella Pneumophila Serogroups as Zoonotic Disease Agent Distributed in Water Sources of East Java

The aims of this study was to understand the differences of L.pneumophila serogroups distribution in well water, tap water, ice cubes, hospital water and hotel water in East Java- Indonesia. A total of 60 water samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction and then it was analyzed by phylogenetic tree. Out of the 60 water samples collected, 12% of the samples were contaminated with L. pneumophila. The phylogenetic tree revealed L.pneumophila contamination in well water from Surabaya and tap water from Sidoarjo and the ice cubes from Sidoarjo, while the bacterial contamination in 2 well water isolate from Surabaya classified into their own group

Probiotik Utilization in Megacolona Dog : A Case Report

A five year old male beagel dog weighing 15 kg was presented with history of constipation,frequent vomiting after feeding, and abdominal pain for past 3 days to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Airlangga University, Surabaya. Based on hematological analysis, normal X-ray to the normal condition after seven days. Key words: Megacolon, Constipation, Probiotic, do

Clove Flower Extract (Syzygium aromaticum) Has Anticancer Potential Effect Analyzed by Molecular Docking and Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Various anticancer medications have been discovered due to advances in the health care industry, but they have undesirable side effects. On the other hand, anticancer drugs derived from natural sources have low side effects, making them excellent for cancer therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effect of clove flower extract (Syzygium aromaticum) as a potential anticancer agent by determining grid-score values using molecular docking and LC50 values using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) technique. As animal models, three hundred larvae of Artemia salina leach were divided into six groups. Each group has ten larvae that have undergone five replications. The clove flower extract concentration in the treatment media was 50 ppm (T1), 250 ppm (T2), 500 ppm (T3), 750 ppm (T4), 1000 ppm (T5), and 0 ppm (seawater) as the control. The probit analysis of Artemia Salina leach mortality percentage data. The results indicated that the clove flower extract (Syzygium aromaticum) is harmful to larvae with LC50 values of 227,1 g/ml or in the equation y = 2,8636 x – 1,7466 with an R2 value of 0.9062. According to molecular docking, eugenol acetate (grid-score −42.120834) has a close relationship with the cognate enzyme nitric oxide synthase (3E7G) based on its proximity to the grid score value (grid-score −61.271812). Therefore, clove flower extract has the potential to act as an anticancer medication. Based on the grid-score proximity, eugenol acetate is close to the homologous enzyme nitric oxide synthase (3E7G). Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase also shows a reduction in cancer cell proliferation

Lysin Administration on Histiocytoma Surgical Therapy on a Cat : A Case Study

A 3 years and 5 months old, male cat weighing 4.5 kg short hair breed was presented with the history of lethargy, loss of weight, and with a mass in the inguinal region for past 7 days to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Airlangga University, Surabaya. Based on histopatholgy, blood hematology and biochemical analysis, the mass was diagnosed as histiocytoma, which was surgically removed and treated with injection of dexamethasone, multivitamin-ATP-mineral, enrofloxaxin and tablet lysin 500mg orally. Keywords: histiocytoma, cat, lysi

Sero Prev Alence Study Of Avian Influenza H5 On Swine In Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to detect sero prevalence of Avian Influenza H5 on swine in some provinces in Indonesia such as DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, West Kalimantan, and Central Kalimantan. The sample for HAI assay were collected from sera of swine that have been added RDE (Receptor Destroying Enzyme) (3:1). HAI assay is positive when agglunatiobn inhibition shown, that is signed by haemagglutination on the base of micro plate wells. The result showed that from 310 samples, there werw 54 samples had specific antibody of Avian influenxa H5. The percentage of sero prevalence of Avian Influenza h5 detected was 17,4%

Suplementasi Diet Konsentrat Kaya Omega-3 dan Mineral Lick Terhadap Keamanan Fungsi Hati, Ginjal dan Produk Daging Suplementasi Diet Konsentrat Kaya Omega-3 dan Mineral Lick Terhadap Keamanan Fungsi Hati, Ginjal dan Produk Daging Pada Ilewan Ruminansia

Hewan ruminansia meliputi golongan hewan yang memiliki kelebihan dalam sistipencernaannya yang terdiri dari empat lambung ganda, yaitu: rumen, reticulum, omasum dan abomasum yang berbeda struktur anatomi maupun fungsi fysiologis, biokimiawi dan fermentasi bila disbanding dengan hewan monogaster ataupun unggas. Umumnya hewan yang tergolong ruminansia adalah sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba yang biasa dimanfaatkan sebagai hewan komoditas dalam pemenuhan sumber protein pangan asal hewan. Aslinya pakan konvensional hewan ruminansia adalah jenis rerumputan, hijauan yang berasal dari sisa hasil pertanian, perkebunan ataupun sisa hasil pengolahan industry pertanian, perkebunan maupun hasil perikanan. Namun dengan perkembangan usaha peternakan dan sain veteriner, maka diupayakanuntuk mempercepat pertumbuhan, perkembangan, peningkatan produktivitas dan perbaikan mutu genetic dan phenotype dikembangkan jenis pakan tambahan atau yang biasa disebut dengan pakan suplemen yang berbentuk pakan konsentrat, mineral lick, urea molasses blok, serta pakan tambahan yang tergolong feed additive, yaitu pakan tambahan yang diberikan dalam jumlah relative sedikit yang bias bersifat nutritive maupun yang nutritive tergantung dari kondisi kesehatan hewan. Untuk memenuhi penyediaan daging yang "ASUH" (aman, sehat, utuh dan halal) diperlukan tehnik dan inovasi dalam pengolahan pakan untuk hewan, karena untuk dapat memenuhi kriteria daging yang ASUH tersebut agar tercapai persyaratan keamanan pangan atau aspek food safety bagi consumer. Hal ini dapat dimulai dari saat hewan dipelihara di kandang, di farm, dipasarkan dalam kondisi hidup maupun sudah disembelih hingga sudah diolah produknya menjadi makanan siap saji untuk dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian pakan rumput yang dikombinasi dengan suplemen pakan konsentrat yang kaya kandungan Omega-3 dan suplementasi mineral lick dapat meningkatkan performan serta produktivitas hewan ruminansia dengan kondisi hewan yang sehat didasarkan pada fungsi biokimiawi, hematologis organ hati dan ginjal hewan, dengan produksi daging yang ASUH serta rendah kolesterol. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dalam dua tahap selama dua tahun dengan menggunakan hewan coba kambing Peranakan Ettawa. Pakan suplemen konsentrat disiapkan dari komponen bahan baku berupa pollard, bungkil kacang kedelai, kacang hijau, minyak jagung dan molasses dengan kadar protein sekitar 17%. Mineral lick merupakan komponen makro dan mikro mineral, vitamin dan asam amino yang diracik menjadi kesatuan mineral lick yang dicetak dalam bentuk cylinder yang tengahnya diberi lubang untuk digantungican dengan tali dikandang kambing. Sehingga kambing akan mengiconsumsi dengan cara menjilat. Ukuran diameter mineral lick sekitar S cm dengan ketebalan 10 cm. Penelitian Tahun Penelitian akan dilakukan selama 10 bulan di Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga, mulai dari kandang hewan coba hingga laboratorium Makanan Ternak, Produksi Hewan, Pathologi Klinik, Laboratorium Biomal dan Rumah Sakit Hewan. Penelitian ini-mengsrunalcan hewan coba kambing Peranakan Ettawa yang berumur sekitar 10 bulan, jantan, berat badan sekitar 35 kg sejumlah 12 -ekor. Tiga variasi jenis pakan, yaitu: KO berupa rumput saja, K1: rumput disemprot dengan enzyrne Excelzyme e2* (Patent Nyoman, 2010) + Pakan konsentrat kaya Omegas3, dan K2 rumput disemprot dengan enzyme excelzym 2 + Mineral Lick. Guna mencegah penyakit cecacingan, diberi obat antheltnintic serta diambil sampel darah sebanyak 5 cc untuk diperiksa kondisi awal fungsi hati dan ginjal dengan memeriksa profil biokimiawi whole blood, kadar SGOT, SGPT, BUN, protein darah, kadar cholesterof darah, serta status mineral calcium didalam darah hewan coba, Berat badan dan kondisi skor tubuh kambing dilakukan pada awal sebelum dibagi dalam tiga kelompok. Kambing percobaan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (KO, K1 dan K2), sehingga tiap kelompok terdiri dari ernpat ekor kambing sebagai ulangan. Masing masing kelompok diberi pakan sesuai dengan groupnya dengan masa adaptasi selama 1 minggu. Adaptasi dilakukan untuk penyesuaian terhadap lingkungan dan jenis diet yang diberikan pada hewan coba. Perlakuan diet pakan dilakukan selama 2 bulan, pakan diberikan dengan frekueansi dua kali sehari (pagi dan sore), k.husus untuk suplementasi diet konsentrat kaya Omegan3 diberikan separuh pada pagi dan separuh pada sore hari yang setelah pemberian diet konsentrat dilanjutkan dengan pemberian rumput. Diet mineral Lick diberikan add libitunz demikian j uga untuk air minum hewan coba. Pengukuran konsumsi palcan dilakukan setiap hari, sedangican penimbangan berat badan dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali. Pengulcuran nilai kecemaan bahan kering dilakukan pada minggu ke empat hingga kelima, pengambilan sampel darah dilalculcan pada minggu ke delapan. Parameter yang diukur meliputi: Komposisi nutrisi nunput, pakan konsentrat kaya Omega-46 dan mineral lick secara proksimate analisis (Weendy's system), NDFdan ADF (Van Soest system), analisis Fatty Acid dengan meng,gunakan HPLC sistim. Pengukuran profil hewan coba meliputi: berat badan awal dan alchir, kenaikan berat badan, konsumsi dan konversi pakan, nilai kecernaan bahan kering, profil whole blood, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, protein darah, cholesterol, HDL, LDL Rancangan percobaan menggunakan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (3 variasi diet jenis pakan x 4 ulangan). Data yangdiperoleh dianalisis menurut metode Analisis Varian dengan menggunakan soft ware SPSS versi13.00. Penelitian Tahun 11, Penelitian akan dilakukan selama 10 bulan di Fakultas Kedokteran Flewan Universitas Airlangga, mulai dari kandang hewan coba hingga laboratoriurn Makanan Ternak, Produksi Hewan, Pathologi Klinik, Laboratorium Biomal dan Rumah Sakit Fiewan. Penelitian ini menggunalcan hewan coba karnbing Peranakan Ettawa yang berumur sekitar 10 bulan, jantan, berat badan sekitar 35 kg sejumlah 12 ekor. Tiga variasi jenis pakan, yaitu: KO berupa rumput saja, K1: rumput disemprot dengan enzyme Excelzyme a2 (Patent Nyoman, 2010) + Pakan konsentrat kaya Omegas3, dan K2: rumput disemprot dengan enzyme excelzyrne-2 + Mineral Lick. Guna mencegah penyakit cecacingan, diberi obat anthelmintice Kambing percobaan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (Ko, K1 dan K2), sehingga tiap kelompok terdiri dari empat ekor kambing sebagai ulangan. Masing masing kelompok diberi pakan sesuai dengan groupnyadengan masa adaptasi selama 1 minggu. Parameter yang diukur meliputi: Komposisi nutrisi rumput, pakan konsentrat kaya Omega-6 dan mineral lick secara proksimate analisis (Weendy's system), NDFdan ADF (Van Soest system), analisis Fatty Acid dengan menggunakan HPLC sistim. Pengukuran profil hewan coba meliputi: berat badan awal dan akhir, kenaikan berat badan, konsumsi dan konversi pakan. Pada akhir penelitian kambing disembelih secara halal serta sesuai dengan kaidah HACCP, kemudian dilanjutican pengukuran: berat karkass, persentasi berat karkass, rasio daging, tulang dan lemak tubuh, pemeriksaan organoleptic (warna, bau, struktur serat daging) dari .potongan daging bagian longsimus dorsi, tricep femoris, eye rib, musculus abdorninalis, lemak tubuh untuk dianalisis terhadap skore marbling, tingkat cairan daging, marbling, keempukan daging (tenderness) dan tingkat rasa daging dengan metode panel, fatty acid daging menggunakan metode 1-1PLC, ekpressi genomic daging (PCR). Rancangan percobaan menggunakan pola Rancangan Mak Lengkap (3 variasi diet jenis pakan x 4 ulangan). MData yang dipemleh dianalisis menurut metode Analisis Varian dengan menggunakan soft ware SPSS versi 13.00

Pengimbuhan Minyak Jagung pada Pakan Meningkatkan Hirarki Folikuler dan Produktivitas Burung Puyuh (CORN OIL SUPLEMENTATION IN FEED INCREASE FOLICULLAR HIERARCHY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF JAPANESE QUAIL)

The aim of this study was to measure the effect of corn oil in feed on estrogen hormone level in blood, hierarchy follicular performance and productivity of Japanese quail. Thirty female Japanese quail were housed in caged and fed ad libitum, the birds were randomly divided into three grouped namely: Po, P1 and the (P0) was fed with commercial feed without corn oil, whereas the first test treatment (P1) was fed with commercial feed mixture containing 3% corn oil, and the second test treatment (P2) was feed with commercial feed mixture containing 6% corn oil along the study. Every day the egg production was recorded. After eight weeks, blood samples were collected from jugular vein to isolate the serum. Then all samples were sacrificed to observe the hierarchy follicular performance. Based on this study it was found that 3% and 6 % corn oil supplementation on feed (P1 and P2) did not cause any significant changes in serum estrogen concentration, and productivity, but had significant changes on hierarchy follicular. This result show that hierarchy follicular increasing due to ovarian activity optimizing induced by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)by consumed corn oil. Thus, the suplementation of corn oil can be an alternative to increase egg productivity of quail farm. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh pemberian minyak jagung dalam pakan terhadap kadar estrogen serum darah, hirarki folikular dan produktivitas burung puyuh. Sebanyak 30 ekor burung puyuh betina dibagi menjadi tiga perlakuan. Perlakuan kontrol diberi pakan komersial tanpa suplementasi minyak jagung, sedangkan perlakuan P1 dan P2 diberi pakan komersial dengan suplementasi minyak jagung sebanyak 3% dan 6%. Setiap hari dilakukan pencatatan terhadap produktivitas. Setelah delapan minggu, dilakukan koleksi sampel darah, kemudian semua burung puyuh dikorbankan nyawanya untuk mengamati hirarki folikular yang terbentuk. Pada P1 dan P2 tidak telihat perbedaan yang nyata terhadap peningkatan kadar estrogen serum darah dan produktivitas dibandingkan dengan P0, akan tetapi terlihat perbedaan nyata pada hirarki folikular yang terbentuk. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan hirarki folikular yang terbentuk terjadi karena peningkatan kinerja ovarium dipicu oleh polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) yang berasal konsumsi minyak jagung. Dengan demikian, suplementasi minyak jagung dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk meningkatkan produksi telur dalam peternakan burung puyuh

Astaxanthin as a potential antioxidant to improve health and production performance of broiler chicken

Recent interest in carotenoids has increased due to their antioxidant and production performance. Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll carotenoid abundantly distributed in microalgae, which is described as a highly potent antioxidant. Therefore, recent studies have tended to investigate the role of antioxidants in improving metabolic processes and physiological functioning of the body. It is now evident that AST could significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help to maintain a healthy state. Moreover, AST also could improve the performance of broiler chicken by increasing the daily feed intake, followed by improvement in the food conversion rate

Folic Acid: sources, chemistry, absorption, metabolism, beneficial effects on poultry performance and health

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the study of the effects of folic acid (FA) on poultry because it was observed that FA could overcome problems in poultry health while improving its performance. FA, or folate, is a water-soluble B vitamin essential in poultry, so FA intake must be available in the feed. Sources of FA in feed come from plants or animals, and animal sources have relatively more stable FA. The ingested FA will be absorbed in the intestinal lumen and transported into the liver through the blood vessels. Therefore, FA has a positive effect on the performance and health status of poultry. The effect of FA on poultry performance is to increase reproductive tract development, FA content in eggs, hatchability, weight gain, average initial body weight, feed intake, relative growth rate, chick body weight, breast fillet percentage, and reduce FCR and white striping score. At the same time, the effect on poultry health influences antioxidant activities, thyroid hormones, blood biochemicals, anti-inflammatory gene expressions, and immune responses. The present review deals with FA sources, chemistry, absorption, metabolism, effects on performance, and poultry health, which are based on valid basic information