Validity of Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Active Video Game Play

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 164-170, 2013. During physically interactive video game play (e.g., Nintendo Wii), users are exposed to potential distracters (e.g., video, music), which may decrease their ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) throughout game play. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the association between RPE scores and heart rate while playing the Nintendo Wii. Healthy adults (N = 13, 53.5 ± 5.4 years old) participated in two exercise sessions using the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus. During each session participants played a five-minute warm-up game (Basic Run), two separate Wii Fit Plus games (Yoga, Strength Training, Aerobics or Balance Training) for fifteen minutes each, and then a five-minute cool down game (Basic Run). Borg RPE and heart rate were assessed during the final 30 seconds of the warm up and cool down, as well during the final 30 seconds of play for each Wii Fit Plus game. Correlation analysis combining data from both exercise sessions indicated a moderate positive relationship between heart rate and RPE (r = 0.32). Mixed-effects model regression analyses demonstrated that RPE scores were significantly associated with heart rate (p \u3c 0.001). The average percentage of age-predicted heart rate maximum achieved (58 ± 6%) was significantly greater (p = 0.001) than the percentage of maximum RPE indicated (43 ± 11%). Borg RPE scores were positively associated with heart rate in adults during exercise sessions using the Wii Fit Plus. However, this relationship was lower than observed in past research assessing RPE validity during different modes of exercise (e.g. walking, running) without distracters

Subtle Alterations in PCNA-Partner Interactions Severely Impair DNA Replication and Repair

Dynamic switching of PCNA-partner interactions is essential for normal DNA replication and repair in yeast

Competition of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerases I, II and III with DNA Pol IV in Stressed Cells

Escherichia coli has five DNA polymerases, one of which, the low-fidelity Pol IV or DinB, is required for stress-induced mutagenesis in the well-studied Lac frameshift-reversion assay. Although normally present at ∼200 molecules per cell, Pol IV is recruited to acts of DNA double-strand-break repair, and causes mutagenesis, only when at least two cellular stress responses are activated: the SOS DNA-damage response, which upregulates DinB ∼10-fold, and the RpoS-controlled general-stress response, which upregulates Pol IV about 2-fold. DNA Pol III was also implicated but its role in mutagenesis was unclear. We sought in vivo evidence on the presence and interactions of multiple DNA polymerases during stress-induced mutagenesis. Using multiply mutant strains, we provide evidence of competition of DNA Pols I, II and III with Pol IV, implying that they are all present at sites of stress-induced mutagenesis. Previous data indicate that Pol V is also present. We show that the interactions of Pols I, II and III with Pol IV result neither from, first, induction of the SOS response when particular DNA polymerases are removed, nor second, from proofreading of DNA Pol IV errors by the editing functions of Pol I or Pol III. Third, we provide evidence that Pol III itself does not assist with but rather inhibits Pol IV-dependent mutagenesis. The data support the remaining hypothesis that during the acts of DNA double-strand-break (DSB) repair, shown previously to underlie stress-induced mutagenesis in the Lac system, there is competition of DNA polymerases I, II and III with DNA Pol IV for action at the primer terminus. Up-regulation of Pol IV, and possibly other stress-response-controlled factor(s), tilt the competition in favor of error-prone Pol IV at the expense of more accurate polymerases, thus producing stress-induced mutations. This mutagenesis assay reveals the DNA polymerases operating in DSB repair during stress and also provides a sensitive indicator for DNA polymerase competition and choice in vivo

Lower James River Circulation Study, Virginia: Evaluation of Craney Island Enlargement Alternatives

Source: https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/This report presents results from the numerical model investigation whose primary objective was to assess general changes in circulation, currents, and sedimentation associated with six proposed alternative expansion geometries of the Craney Island confined disposal facility. An additional objective of the study was to assess the effects of each of the six alternative geometries on the reported estuarine circulation cell (flow convergence) off Hampton Flats and Newport News Point. This numerical model investigation used the TABS-2 finite element numerical models RMA-2V for hydrodynamics and STUDH for sedimentation with a modified version of an existing numerical mesh of the Lower James River. Other information presently available regarding the estuarine circulation and flow convergence observed off Newport News Point and Hampton Flats was reviewed. With the exception of the Newport News Channel, results from the numerical hydrodynamic modeling indicated no plan to base velocity differences greater than ±0.06 fps at any of the critical areas of interest. Velocity differences greater than 0.10 fps were indicated for the Newport News Channel; channel plan velocities always exceeded base velocities with maximum ebb velocity differences greater than maximum flood velocity differences. Plans with northward extensions resulted in the largest increases. The greatest changes, less than 0.35 fps on ebb and 0.25 fps on flood, were indicated for plans A and B, the largest expansion alternatives also involving westward expansions. Subtle localized circulation variations, generally within 16,000 ft adjacent to and north and northwest of Craney Island, were identified in base to plan comparison vector plots. Results from the numerical sedimentation modeling showed that plan to base shoaling index values (plan-predicted sedimentation divided by base-predicted sedimentation) were all within 90 to 110 percent at the critical areas of interest. The Nansemond River entrance was the only area considered to demonstrate any distinct changes in base and plan sedimentation. Considering the existing low sedimentation in the critical areas examined, the indicated differences are well within ordinary field survey detection limits. Alternatives A, D, and F may impact water quality characteristics as a result of a reduced circulation zone between the Craney Island extension and the mainland. Appendix A contains general information on the finite element method. A brief description of RMA-2V and STUDH appears in Appendices B and C, respectively

Welcome to the fertility clinic of the future! Using speculative design to explore the moral landscape of reproductive technologies

The evolving field of reproductive technologies greatly alters our practices of conception and pregnancy. It is thus crucial to develop such innovations in a democratic and sustainable manner through public participation. To date, participation has mostly focused on patients or health professionals deliberating on technological risks, benefits, costs, and healthcare experiences. Thereby, the opportunity is missed to consider broader social and moral implications. Speculative design has been presented as a promising way to open up deliberation on the impacts of new technologies. In this study, speculative design was used to gain insight into citizens’ views and concerns about the social and moral implications of the new reproductive technologies. Six themes of concern were found: the rights of the unborn; access and equality; social implications of individual choices; society as a community; ecology; and the value of wonder. Notably, the latter two issues are not commonly described in the participatory literature on reproductive technologies, indicating that speculative design is suitable for broadening the debate by including issues that have not been addressed yet. Furthermore, the study brought insight into the motivations and complex values that lie behind arguments in which the naturalness of reproductive practices is emphasized. A point of critical reflection is that to broaden the range of reflections probed by speculative design even more, both the designers and the audiences should become more diverse. If this is achieved, it is suggested using speculative design in the context of public deliberation with a more direct influence on innovation trajectories and as a means for the public to become more skilled in critically engaging with imagined futures