74 research outputs found
A population of dust-enshrouded objects orbiting the Galactic black hole
The central 0.1 parsecs of the Milky Way host a supermassive black hole
identified with the position of the radio and infrared source Sagittarius A*, a
cluster of young, massive stars (the S stars) and various gaseous features.
Recently, two unusual objects have been found to be closely orbiting
Sagittarius A*: the so-called G sources, G1 and G2. These objects are
unresolved (having a size of the order of 100 astronomical units, except at
periapse, where the tidal interaction with the black hole stretches them along
the orbit) and they show both thermal dust emission and line emission from
ionized gas. G1 and G2 have generated attention because they appear to be
tidally interacting with the supermassive Galactic black hole, possibly
enhancing its accretion activity. No broad consensus has yet been reached
concerning their nature: the G objects show the characteristics of gas and dust
clouds but display the dynamical properties of stellar-mass objects. Here we
report observations of four additional G objects, all lying within 0.04 parsecs
of the black hole and forming a class that is probably unique to this
environment. The widely varying orbits derived for the six G objects
demonstrate that they were commonly but separately formed
Galactic Center: Improved Relative Astrometry for Velocities, Accelerations, and Orbits near the Supermassive Black Hole
We present improved relative astrometry for stars within the central half parsec of our Galactic Center (GC) based on data obtained with the 10 m W. M. Keck Observatory from 1995 to 2017. The new methods used to improve the astrometric precision and accuracy include correcting for local astrometric distortions, applying a magnitude-dependent additive error, and more carefully removing instances of stellar confusion. Additionally, we adopt jackknife methods to calculate velocity and acceleration uncertainties. The resulting median proper motion uncertainty is 0.05 mas yr^(−1) for our complete sample of 1184 stars in the central 10'' (0.4 pc). We have detected 24 accelerating sources, 2.6 times more than the number of previously published accelerating sources, which extend out to 4'' (0.16 pc) from the black hole. Based on S0-2's orbit, our new astrometric analysis has reduced the systematic error of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) by a factor of 2. The linear drift in our astrometric reference frame is also reduced in the north–south direction by a factor of 4. We also find the first potential astrometric binary candidate S0-27 in the GC. These astrometric improvements provide a foundation for future studies of the origin and dynamics of the young stars around the SMBH, the structure and dynamics of the old nuclear star cluster, the SMBH's properties derived from orbits, and tests of general relativity in a strong gravitational field
Galactic Center: Improved Relative Astrometry for Velocities, Accelerations, and Orbits near the Supermassive Black Hole
We present improved relative astrometry for stars within the central half parsec of our Galactic Center (GC) based on data obtained with the 10 m W. M. Keck Observatory from 1995 to 2017. The new methods used to improve the astrometric precision and accuracy include correcting for local astrometric distortions, applying a magnitude-dependent additive error, and more carefully removing instances of stellar confusion. Additionally, we adopt jackknife methods to calculate velocity and acceleration uncertainties. The resulting median proper motion uncertainty is 0.05 mas yr^(−1) for our complete sample of 1184 stars in the central 10'' (0.4 pc). We have detected 24 accelerating sources, 2.6 times more than the number of previously published accelerating sources, which extend out to 4'' (0.16 pc) from the black hole. Based on S0-2's orbit, our new astrometric analysis has reduced the systematic error of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) by a factor of 2. The linear drift in our astrometric reference frame is also reduced in the north–south direction by a factor of 4. We also find the first potential astrometric binary candidate S0-27 in the GC. These astrometric improvements provide a foundation for future studies of the origin and dynamics of the young stars around the SMBH, the structure and dynamics of the old nuclear star cluster, the SMBH's properties derived from orbits, and tests of general relativity in a strong gravitational field
Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry:Workshop Summary
This document presents a summary of the 2023 Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop hosted by CERN. The workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss the exciting developments in large-scale atom interferometer (AI) prototypes and their potential for detecting ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves. The primary objective of the workshop was to lay the groundwork for an international TVLBAI proto-collaboration. This collaboration aims to unite researchers from different institutions to strategize and secure funding for terrestrial large-scale AI projects. The ultimate goal is to create a roadmap detailing the design and technology choices for one or more km-scale detectors, which will be operational in the mid-2030s. The key sections of this report present the physics case and technical challenges, together with a comprehensive overview of the discussions at the workshop together with the main conclusions
Impact of relativistic time scales, timestamping errors and reference frame transfor- mations on TDI
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