Solar Pump Motor for Irrigation in Rural Areas

This report gives an overviewabout the solarpump motor that will be design. The main objective of this project is to design a solarpump motor system for the irrigationin rural areas. Usually the water pumping systems for irrigation in rural areas use the animal or human powersource to pump the water. Eventhough there is electric energy from the suppliers to operate the pumping system, it will coast highly. This is due to the implementation of the transmission line needed. Chapter 1 briefly explained the background of study, problem statement, objective and scope of study. In the Chapter 2, the report will discuss on the literature review and the theory behind this project. To design a solar power pump motor the understanding on each system components on how it work and basic idea of it are needed. The scopes of study for this project will include the concept of solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) panel, photovoltaic (PV) cell storage, operation of direct current(DC) and alternating current(AC), rectifier and converter and control unit. There are several methodology used in this project. The major is literature research on the internet about the present solar pump method. Beside that, the additional reading related to the solar pump motor design is also made. The Auto CAD also will be used in the design drawing of the system. All of this will be explained more on the Chapter 3. Several findings have been discovered during the research. It was found that actually the photovoltaic (PV) cell is consisting of N-type and P-type material as like a semiconductor device. The AC motor can be used even though the supply from photovoltaic (PV) cell is direct current (DC). This can be done by using an inverter. The concept of solar battery storage also has been studied during the research. There will be more explanation of findings in the Chapter 4

An emancipatory family theology: towards a contextual model of inner-city family pastoral care in the Caribbean

This study explores pastoral care for Caribbean families within inner-city communities. It utilises a Caribbean theological methodology which, like other theologies of liberation, is praxis centred and contextual. As such, the thesis begins with a socio-historical background to the region and to the patterns of family present there. Moreover, this research takes as its aims the development of a contextual family theology and a model of family pastoral care. The study is presented as illustrating the movement, in Caribbean theology, from a critical mode to a more constructive and strategic mode.Using Jamaica, the largest of the English speaking Caribbean islands, as a unit of research, it makes use of a qualitative case study approach to explore the perceptions of family in an inner-city community in Kingston, Jamaica. The data collected, with the help of focus groups and individual interviews, allowed for a comparison of family experiences and perspectives between residents and people attending churches in the community. From this data, information was obtained about family in general, family life in the case study community, views on the Church and perceptions of God's vision of families compared with the Church's response to them.The thesis demonstrates how these insights were brought into dialogue with others from theological and non-theological sources. Arising from this conversation, it then proposed a contextual family theology. This theological framework adopts an emancipatory paradigm, which is central to Caribbean theological methodology. Moreover, it laid the foundation for a model of inner-city family pastoral care, which the study went on to outline.The thesis is set out in five chapters. The first chapter, Chains and Freedom, gives a background to the Caribbean and of family life in inner-city communities. Chapter two, Moments in Theology: A Methodologyfor a Contextual Theology, explores the theological methodology that underpins this study. It outlines an interpretation of Caribbean theological methodology and discusses the details of the case study approach used as part of the analysis of the context. The third chapter, Let the People Speak, is a presentation of the findings from the case study. In the fourth chapter, Freedom to Be...An Emancipatory Family Theology, a theological framework for families and praxis with them in the Caribbean is presented. Finally in chapter five, The Whole Church for all Families, a model of family pastoral care for inner-city families is offered. It ends with a call for the churches in the region to embrace the need to see family ministry as a current mission priority for the well-being of Caribbean people and the advancement of their societies. To this end, some areas for further research in family pastoral theology are identified

Blocked: Short Story Manuscript

Blocked is a manuscript of short stories designed to explore conceptions of selfhood as represented in the fictional story. In the manuscript, I investigate issues of performance and authority as they relate to how characters define themselves in relation to the other—both the other characters in the story as well as the socio-cultural structures they have come to inhabit. The loss of authority is a theme that I explore throughout my work. I am interested in authority as another aspect of performance—another role that people play, a mask (or face) that they take on. It also relates directly to the task of writing and the arc of contemporary literary criticism, which has come to view stories as a product of a socio-cultural economic system, and the subjects and symbolic motifs of those stories as participants in a type of sign play referring to cultural discourses, such as those centered around class, race, gender, sexuality, etc. As such, I try to construct stories that are not simply trails of clues leading to a foregone conclusion, but living stories in which reader and author share in the production of the meaning of the text. In the manuscript, I try to balance narratives that center around the exploration of a single idiosyncratic character with the necessity of bringing other perspectives into their world. Boundaries are a particular interest in this regard, because of their symbolic resonance for how we understand the public and private space, the differences between one person and another, as well as the boundaries between “truth” and “fiction” that are at issue in any work of literary fiction. I try to juxtapose the worlds constructed of the characters’ hopes and dreams (the worlds where we all have perfect marriages, stress-free lifestyles, well-adjusted kids, and a vacation house in Florida) with the imposition of the so-called “real world” of conflict and difficulty as another way of exploring the boundaries between constructions and reality. This is also a metaphor for how one pictures themself as a stable, united personality, when evidence suggests that in each social interaction we assume a different personality (or “face”), and act as performers of social norms based on the discourses of our culture. Within this context of performance, I try to critique dominant understandings of love, family, insanity, justice, etc, with respect to how they negotiate constructed identities such as class or gender. I explore how characters that identify themselves as rich or poor, male or female, understand and perform their parts in a ritual space such as the courtroom, where the conventions of issues like “justice” are debated over and passed judgment on. The most difficult challenge is to show these discourses at work in the life of the characters through subtext, while on the outside constructing an evocative story with complex characters and situations that are fueled more by reader empathy than they are by a full intellectual understanding of the work. I try to create stories which can be viewed in many lights—not only in the drably academic aspect, but also as a more visceral, emotional experience. I try to write in a way that appeals to all sorts of readers, to inspire not only an appreciation of a well-constructed theoretical argument, but the feeling of being involved in and moved by a story, in order to impart a sense of the power of the stories in my own life and the ones at work in the world around us

Educational Leadership for Social Justice: Enhancing the Ethical Dimension of Educational Leadership

Much criticism has been levied in recent years on professional preparation programs in schools of education offering the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) degree. This article chronicles the attempt of one Jesuit university to respond to that criticism in designing a professional degree with an ethical focus on social justice

Prolonged drug delivery from a polymeric fibre device for the treatment of peridontal disease

M.Pharm., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011Periodontal disease describes a chronic bacterial infection affecting the gums and bone supporting the teeth. Bacteria present in plaque produce toxins, which lead to a cascade of inflammatory events that if left untreated may lead to permanent tooth loss. A periodontal pocket forms when the free gingiva moves away from the tooth surface. Periodontal disease is prevalent worldwide and has risk factors such as HIV and diabetes with possible links to socio-economic status. This places a large portion of the South African population at risk in an already burdened health care system. Scaling and root planning (SRP) forms the keystone of periodontal therapy, involving the removal of calculus and plaque. Multiple clinical trials have proved SRP leads to improved clinical outcomes. However, it often leaves behind microorganisms leading to recolonisation. Administration of pharmacological therapy is used in combination with SRP delivering one or more drugs. Subgingival treatment of periodontal disease involves the placement of a drug delivery device within the periodontal pocket releasing model drugs over a prolonged period of time. Targeted drug delivery devices have been the focus of periodontal research over the past two decades. To date there are no commercially available local drug delivery devices in South Africa for the treatment of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to design, formulate and evaluate (in vitro) a novel polymeric fibre system to locally deliver an antimicrobial and an anti-inflammatory drug over 10 days to the periodontal pocket for the treatment of periodontal disease. The design of a flexible fibre would easily fit within the periodontal pocket evenly delivering the model drugs to the affected site. Alginate combined with glycerol was crosslinked with barium cations forming a monolithic fibre incorporating ciprofloxacin and diclofenac sodium, as the model antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents respectively. A 3-Factor Box-Behnken Design was employed to statistically optimise the fibres according to their tensile properties and drug release. The optimised formulation (3.14%w/v alginate, 22.54mL glycerol and 10.00w/v barium chloride) was evaluated for its drug release and hydration behaviour at pH 4 and 6.8, vibrational transitions and tensile properties as well as antimicrobial assays, characterising the in vitro behaviour of the device. The pH of the periodontal pocket varies from pH 2-9. Crosslinked alginate matrices demonstrate pH-responsive behaviour, therefore the polymeric fibre device was tested at pH 4 and 6.8. Drug release at pH 4 occurred as a result of drug diffusing through the polymeric fibres. However, at pH 6.8 the disruption of the fibre structure led to drug release as a consequence of the swelling and erosion of the matrix. Ciprofloxacin was sufficiently released from the drug-loaded fibres inhibiting growth of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans over 10 days. The physicomechanical and physicochemical properties were related to the degree of crosslinking, the effect of the plasticiser and the interaction of formulation components. The polymeric fibre device formed a strong yet flexible biodegradable matrix which simultaneously released an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents in phosphate buffer solution pH 6.8 over 10 days. The promising in vitro results advocate for further analysis of the fibres

Evaluation of a Periodical Disease Prevention Program for American Indian Patients With Diabetes

The Creeks, Seminoles, and Cherokees are the predominate tribes represented in the Claremore Service Unit service population. A periodontal disease prevention program was offered to patients with diabetes who were being seen at the Claremore Indian Hospital. The group was targeted because the prevalence of diabetes in this American Indian population is about 9% or almost twice that of the national average of 5%. Periodontal disease in American Indians with diabetes is known to be more severe than that of other Indian population groups. To attain their goal the Claremore Indian Hospital outlined the following objectives: 1) test the hypothesis that a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model can be used to predict the outcome of a prevention program twelve months after dental prophylaxis and periodontal disease prevention education; 2) determine if American Indian patients with diabetes would show a decrease in prevalence of Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) score, and 3) measure the extent of conditions of periodontal disease as measured by the CPITN one year after dental prophylaxis and periodontal disease prevention education.The Diabetes Program Staff at the Claremore Indian Hospital developed a referral program directing all dentulous, diabetic patients to the Dental Service for screening and dental measures designed to preserve health (prophylaxis). Patients self-selecting themselves for participation in the periodontal disease prevention program were seen by the dental staff and appointed with the hygienist. Patients who had very low treatment needs were excluded because their potential for improvement was minimal. Those with too great a need for corrective surgical treatment were eliminated because they had progressed beyond the benefits of a prevention program. The total of all CPITN scores for each patient were averaged, and those below 0.5 and above 3.5 were excluded. Two hygienists participated in the study, with one being assigned to the diabetic group and one to the non-diabetic group for the duration of the study. After training and experience in performing CPITN exams using index teeth, informal comparisons of the hygienists\u27 exams on five patients were made in an attempt to standardize the two examiners. Four Dental and Diabetic Health Belief Questionnaires were developed. A periodontal disease prevention education class was developed to give a consistent amount of information to patients in the most cost effective format. Patients were scheduled in groups two times each month. Diabetic factors were measured and recorded including the glucose levels over the preceding two month. A group of 171 patients with diabetes received initial assessment. A group of 138 non-diabetics also received the same initial assessment and treatment except for the tests specifically for the diabetic patient, e.g. glucose levels, etc. The non-diabetic group was composed of patients who had previously signed up on the Claremore Indian Hospital routine dental care waiting list. They had been told that they would receive 1 dental cleaning and fillings when they were called off the waiting list. After their initial assessment and prophylaxis, they were contracted to private dentists for restorative treatment. The diabetic patients had no restorative dentistry provided, but were placed on the routine care waiting list. This program which relies on self-selection recognizes the influence of a complex set of educational and social factors that influence personal behavior. The responsibility of dental public health professionals in this type of program is to broadly disseminate information and cues to the community, and promote increased availability of preventive dental services for those who demand them. Diabetic patients could improve periodontal conditions even when their blood glucose levels remained high. Based on the study, the cost for diabetics receiving dental education and dental prophylaxis and root planning would result in overall health cost reductions. Targeting American Indian patients with diabetes for preventive periodontal services is effective.More studies are recommended for corroborating the data for the non-diabetic American Indian population participating in periodontal disease prevention programs. Providing education and training to as much of a targeted population as possible to cues, and promoting availability of the prevention program may result in increased health seeking behavior by a small percent of that population. A small percent of 30,000 patients between ages of 20-45 can be a large number of patients. Estimates based on the 1984 Indian Health Service Oral Health Survey indicate an unmet need in excess of $20 million for dental services exists for the service population in this study. Although 45$1.5 million budget are for patients over 20 years old, these services represent primarily lower levels of care for dental emergency treatment

Delusions of grandeur? Aria and the development of Soviet metal music

During the early 1980s in Soviet Russia, culture was regulated in order to control the population's exposure to potentially ideologically problematic themes and ideas. This meant that much Western music was not available in officially sanctioned formats including records, radio broadcasts and concerts, and so Western music entered the USSR via physical copies of records brought in by travellers returning from abroad. The unofficial culture that centred on rock music in the Soviet Union shares some features with the development of metal music in different global contexts. Metal music tended to spread from its 1960s Birmingham origins in the same stages as those that occurred when rock entered Soviet Russia: local performers first copied the songs they heard on imported records and then began to translate these songs into the local language from English; finally, original songs were composed in the local language. Soviet Russian metal music can be considered more of a part of the rock scene compared to metal in Western cultures, because it followed the same routes. This closer relationship is also evident in the relationship between rock, metal and authenticity in Soviet Russian culture, since Russian rock’s underground nature meant it retained a closer tie with authenticity than its Western counterpart. Authenticity can be compared to Yurchak’s concept of 'vnye', the idea that non-Soviet is not the same as anti-Soviet, and this thesis proposes the idea that 'vnye' can be used to replace the anti-commercial-based authenticity of Western metal which is practically irrelevant in socialist societies. There are, however, many similarities between Russian and Western heavy metal and the case study this thesis discusses demonstrates this: lyric themes, music sounds and the influence of Western bands are highlighted in both my own study and interviews conducted as part of the research. Aria, the band whose album 'Maniia Velichiia' was chosen for the case study, occupied a very rare situation in late Soviet society as official musicians in an unofficial band, giving them a unique chance to play metal music in official situations. The authenticity of official and unofficial musicians is dependent not only on their existence within or without Soviet Russian society, but also on a number of other factors considered also by Western and other global metal but less influential, including language and themes

Consumer demand for certain ready-made garments as determined by observation of consumer's purchasing habits

Typescript, etc.Digitized by Kansas State University Librarie

Solar Pump Motor for Irrigation in Rural Areas

This report gives an overviewabout the solarpump motor that will be design. The main objective of this project is to design a solarpump motor system for the irrigationin rural areas. Usually the water pumping systems for irrigation in rural areas use the animal or human powersource to pump the water. Eventhough there is electric energy from the suppliers to operate the pumping system, it will coast highly. This is due to the implementation of the transmission line needed. Chapter 1 briefly explained the background of study, problem statement, objective and scope of study. In the Chapter 2, the report will discuss on the literature review and the theory behind this project. To design a solar power pump motor the understanding on each system components on how it work and basic idea of it are needed. The scopes of study for this project will include the concept of solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) panel, photovoltaic (PV) cell storage, operation of direct current(DC) and alternating current(AC), rectifier and converter and control unit. There are several methodology used in this project. The major is literature research on the internet about the present solar pump method. Beside that, the additional reading related to the solar pump motor design is also made. The Auto CAD also will be used in the design drawing of the system. All of this will be explained more on the Chapter 3. Several findings have been discovered during the research. It was found that actually the photovoltaic (PV) cell is consisting of N-type and P-type material as like a semiconductor device. The AC motor can be used even though the supply from photovoltaic (PV) cell is direct current (DC). This can be done by using an inverter. The concept of solar battery storage also has been studied during the research. There will be more explanation of findings in the Chapter 4