Optimization of Process Parameters by Response Surface Methodology for Methylene Blue Removal Using Cellulose Dusts

This study was aimed to use Cellulose dusts (CD) produced in drying section of paper mills of paper making industry as a potential adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution.  The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray Diffraction. The influences of the effective parameters including pH solution, adsorbent dosage, initial MB concentration, and contact time were optimized by CCD which stands for central composite design. The influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity was analyzed using the batch process. The accuracy of the equation that is produced by CCD was affirmed by the variance analysis and also by calculating the correlation coefficient that connects the predicted and the empirical values of the percentage of removed MB dye. Maximum removal percentage of MB dye (98.05 %) which obtained at pH 9.84, adsorbent dosage 4.38 g L-1, MB concentration 75.50 g L-1 and time 208.13 min. Freundlich, Temkin, Harkins-Jura and Langmuir isotherms are used to analyze the empirical data. Results revealed that the data is in a satisfying agreement with the Freundlich isotherm (R2= 0.99). Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models were used to fit the kinetic data and it is found out that MB dye’s adsorption onto CD has a good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results showed that CD can be an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption

Identification of differentially accumulated proteins associated with embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli in saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a complex biological process that occurs under inductive conditions and causes fully differentiated cells to be reprogrammed to an embryo like state. In order to get a better insight about molecular basis of the SE in <it>Crocus sativus </it>L. and to characterize differentially accumulated proteins during the process, a proteomic study based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry has been carried out.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have compared proteome profiles of non-embryogenic and embryogenic calli with native corm explants. Total soluble proteins were phenol-extracted and loaded on 18 cm IPG strips for the first dimension and 11.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels for the second dimension. Fifty spots with more than 1.5-fold change in abundance were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis for further characterization. Among them 36 proteins could be identified, which are classified into defense and stress response, protein synthesis and processing, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, secondary metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results showed that diverse cellular and molecular processes were affected during somatic to embryogenic transition. Differential proteomic analysis suggests a key role for ascorbate metabolism during early stage of SE, and points to the possible role of ascorbate-glutathione cycle in establishing somatic embryos.</p

Inductive and Deductive: Ambiguous Labels in Qualitative Content Analysis

The propounded dualism in Content Analysis as quantitative and qualitative approaches is widely supported and justified in nursing literature. Nevertheless, another sort of dualism is proposed for Qualitative Content Analysis, suggesting the adoption of inductive and/or deductive approaches in the process of qualitative data analysis. These approaches have been referred and labelled as inductive or conventional ; and deductive or directed content analysis in the literature. Authors argue that these labels could be fallacious, and may lead to ambiguity; as in effect, both approaches are employed with different dominancy during the process of any Qualitative Content Analysis. Thus, authors suggest more expressive, comprehensive, yet simple labels for this method of qualitative data analysis

Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Modification Early Maladaptive Schemas patient With resistent Obsessive-Compulsion Disorder

Introduction: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder has been comorbid with several disorder, it accompanies serious problems and deficiencies in the working lives of those afflicted with it. Aim:The purpose of this study was conducted the effectiveness of Schema therapy on modification early maladaptive schemas patient with resistent Obsessive-Compulsion disorder (OCD). Method: Populator statistical include all individual , patient with resistent OCD, on year 1392 referring were center psychiatrist-psychology Arak city.For this purpose, in a quasi- experimental study pre-test and post-test with control group, 24 subjects resistent (OCD) were selected via convenient sampling which randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Subjects were assessed for early maladaptive schemas, both before and after the treatment.The experimental group had received twenty session of schema therapy approach . To assess the schema using SCHEMA QUESTION and YOUNG PARENTING INVENTORY. The applied intervention was evaluated in three stages: pretest, post-test and one month follow-up. Data were analyzed by of Repeated measurement and Graphical Diagram. Results: The Results of present study showed severity of Schema dominant decreased The significantly in the experimental group than the control group (p=0.001). Conclusion:It appears that Schema therapy with applying Techniques Cognition, Experiential, and also unique therapeutic alliance, could be effective for reducing the severity Schema dominant of resistent Obsessive-Compulsion disorder (OCD)